AP Style Questions that can be given at the end of the unit to assess students learning.

Two prompts that help students practice AP Exam style quesitons.

AP Style Questions that can be given at the end of the unit to assess students learning.

Two prompts that help students practice AP Exam style quesitons.

AP Style Questions that can be given at the end of the unit to assess students learning.

Two prompts that help students practice AP Exam style questions.

On June 7, 1776, Richard Henry Lee brought what came to be called the Lee Resolution before the Continental Congress. This resolution stated “these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent states ...” Congress debated independence for several days.

This was the first governing document of the United States of America. It was adopted by the Second Continental Congress in November 1777 and ratified by the states in 1781.

After the Constitution was completed during the summer of 1787, the work of ratifying it (or approving it) began. As the Constitution itself required, 3/4ths of the states would have to approve the new Constitution before it would go into effect for those ratifying states.

The Constitution was written in the summer of 1787 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, by delegates from 12 states, in order to replace the Articles of Confederation with a new form of government. It created a federal system with a national government composed of 3 separated powers, and included both reserved and concurrent powers of states.

The first 10 amendments to the Constitution make up the Bill of Rights. James Madison wrote the amendments, which list specific prohibitions on governmental power, in response to calls from several states for greater constitutional protection for individual liberties.

In this Homework Help video, learn the story of the landmark Supreme Court case of Baker v. Carr. The case explores the question of a state’s right to control electoral lines otherwise known as gerrymandering. The case ruling concluded that the Supreme Court could hear cases pertaining to redistricting because of the Equal Protection Clause in the 14th Amendment through the process of incorporation which argues that states must adhere to the protections of guaranteed in the Bill of Rights. How did the ruling in this case contribute to the democratic principle of “one person-one vote”?

Does the Second Amendment prevent a city from effectively outlawing handgun ownership? In 2008, Otis McDonald attempted to purchase a handgun for self-defense purposes in a Chicago suburb. However, the city of Chicago had banned handgun ownership in 1982 when it passed a law that prevented issuing handgun registrations. McDonald argued this law violated the Fourteenth Amendment’s Privileges and Immunities Clause as well as the Due Process Clause. In a 5-4 decision, the Court ruled that McDonald’s Second Amendment right to bear arms was protected at the state and local level by the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.

What are past and contemporary (modern) examples of federalism? How does federalism create tension across the levels of government?

How does this case study illuminate key concepts and processes in government and politics?

What checks and balances exist to ensure one branch of the federal government does not act without restraint? Explore the Watergate case, the power to declare war, and the Commerce Clause as examples that illustrate this principle.

How does the Declaration of Independence support the principles of individual liberty and self-government? In this rapid-fire episode of BRI’s Primary Source Essentials and Declaration of Independence summary, learn the arguments made by the American colonists as they sought to free themselves of British control.

What does the Constitution do? What are the principles of self-government in the Constitution? In this rapid-fire episode of BRI’s Primary Source Essentials and United States Constitution summary, learn how the US Constitution was framed as a stronger, yet limited, government built upon certain principles. The US Constitution Explained | A Primary Source Close Read w/ BRI: https://billofrightsinstitute.org/videos/the-constitution-explained-a-primary-source-close-read-w-bri

How does the Bill of Rights protect individual freedoms and limit government power? In this episode of BRI’s Primary Source Essentials, explore the history and purpose of the Bill of Rights. Learn how the first ten amendments to the Constitution safeguard freedoms like speech, religion, and the right to bear arms, while ensuring protections such as due process and trial by jury. Discover the debates between Federalists and Anti-Federalists that shaped these foundational amendments, and how they continue to protect natural rights, civil liberties, and state powers.

How did Federalist 10 allow the Founders to create a Constitution with a stable and lasting form of government? In this rapid-fire episode of BRI’s Primary Source Essentials and Federalist 10 summary, learn the arguments from James Madison, who wrote Federalist 10. Discover why the Federalists believed a large republic was key to the Constitution and other Federalist 10 main points. Primary Source Essentials Federalist 10 Handout: https://bri-docs.s3.amazonaws.com/PSE+Federalist+10+Handout.pdf

What were the essential characteristics of the executive branch according to Federalist 70? In this rapid-fire episode and Federalist 70 summary of BRI’s Primary Source Essentials, learn the arguments made by Alexander Hamilton, who wrote Federalist 70, in Federalist 70. Discover the Federalist 70 main points and why he believed in a strong executive branch to protect liberty and self-government.

What are the main Constitutional principles that help limit government? In this rapid-fire episode and Federalist 51 summary of BRI’s Primary Source Essentials, learn the arguments made by James Madison, who wrote Federalist 51, in Federalist 51. The Federalist 51 main points explain why he believed the constitutional checks and balances put in place would help create a limited government.

How do founding principles and civic virtues shape the United States? This video takes you on a journey through the foundation of the U.S. Constitution, where ideas like natural rights, limited government, and civic virtues form the bedrock of our society. Discover how these principles—rooted in equality, liberty, and justice—guide self-governance and empower citizens to protect individual freedoms. Learn about the separation of powers, federalism, and the vital role of civic virtues like integrity, respect, and courage in fostering a healthy civil society. From practicing prudence to upholding the common good, see how these ideals enable government accountability and ensure that "We the People" thrive.

What are the founding principles that shape the United States? This video explores the foundational ideas that guide American democracy. Learn about the core principles of natural rights, limited government, and the importance of individual liberty and equality, as described in the Declaration of Independence Learn how these principles are translated into the framework of the Constitution, including the separation of powers and the protection of individual rights

What does it take to build a thriving community and sustain self-government? This video explores the essential role of civic virtues in fostering a healthy civil society. Discover how practicing integrity, humility, and respect strengthens our connections and helps navigate the challenges of modern life. Learn how historical figures like Clara Barton, Elizabeth Eckford, and George Washington exemplified these virtues through acts of courage and prudence — and how their monumental impacts began with small, everyday choices.

How does federalism shape the way our government works and impacts our daily lives? From differences in road signs to how schools are run, the structure of the U.S. Constitution ensures that power is shared between national, state, and local governments. But why does this system matter, and how does it address the challenges of governing a geographically large and diverse nation? In this video, explore the principle of federalism, its role in balancing powers, and real-world examples of cooperation and tension among different levels of government. Whether it’s defending the country, managing public health, or ensuring local communities thrive, federalism allows us to tackle big issues together while staying responsive to local needs. This video ties into the Bill of Rights Institute's Government and Politics: Civics for the American Experiment curriculum, specifically Unit 2, which dives into the dynamic dialogue between government levels and the constitutional principles that make it all work.

What makes the U.S. Congress the cornerstone of our democracy? Dive into the Constitution's Article I, where the framers designed the legislative branch to safeguard liberty while balancing power and passion. This video uncovers the structure of Congress as a bicameral legislature, composed of the House of Representatives and the Senate, each with distinct roles and responsibilities. From shaping laws to tackling debates that influence your education, freedoms, and daily life, Congress is where reason meets passion. Learn how its design fosters deliberation, curbs oppression, and drives liberty in action. This video ties into Unit 3 of the Bill of Rights Institute's Government and Politics: Civics for the American Experiment curriculum. Explore the role of the legislature, the constitutional responsibilities of the House and Senate, and the Supreme Court cases that define representation and redistricting.

What makes the U.S. Congress the cornerstone of our democracy? The framers designed it to be the most powerful branch—closest to the people, representing their voices, and shaping the laws that govern our nation. But what does representation really mean, and why does it matter? Learn about the structure of Congress, the differences between the House and Senate, and the models of representation that guide lawmakers. From debate and deliberation to consensus-building, discover how Congress ensures diverse perspectives are heard and why its design is essential to protecting liberty and self-government.

What makes the U.S. Congress the cornerstone of our democracy? The framers designed the legislative branch to be the most powerful—closest to the people, representing their voices, and shaping the laws that govern our nation. But how does the House of Representatives fulfill this role, and why does it matter? Explore the structure of the House, the differences between the House and Senate, and the unique powers that set it apart. From drafting legislation and overseeing the executive branch to ensuring representation through frequent elections, discover how the House reflects the will of the people and upholds the principles of self-government.

Review the essential subjects and concepts students need to know for their AP Government tests.

All of our AP webinars in one place!

What are the origins of the Second Amendment, and how has it been interpreted throughout U.S. history? This Homework Help video explores the history of the Second Amendment as well as the Supreme Court interpretations of it that shape current discussions on the topic of gun control.

Why did the Founders believe so strongly that troops should not be quartered in the homes of citizens that they enshrined this protection in the Bill of Rights? The Third Amendment is rarely talked about, but studying its origins and purposes is important in order to understand our system of the relationship between civilians and the military. Learn more about the story of the Third Amendment with this Homework Help video.

What prevents the police from randomly searching our homes and possessions whenever they want? The Founders created the Fourth Amendment to protect the individual right to private property. Learn more about its origins and some landmark Supreme Court cases in our latest Homework Help video.

What protections does the Fifth Amendment provide, and why did the Founders believe them important enough to enshrine in the Bill of Rights? Our latest Homework Help video explores these questions and provides students with a succinct overview of the essential information regarding this amendment.

What protections exist for Americans accused of a crime? The 6th Amendment. What is the 6th Amendment? The 6th Amendment provides defendants with rights to a speedy and fair trial, an impartial jury, and more. Our latest Homework Help video explores the 6th Amendment and provides students with a succinct overview of the essential information regarding this amendment.

What is the 7th Amendment? What protections does the 7th Amendment provide if you are involved in a lawsuit? Explore the 7th Amendment simplified in our latest Homework Help video discussing this question and providing students with a succinct overview of the essential information regarding this amendment.

How do we determine the punishment for those accused or convicted of a crime? What is the 8th amendment? Our latest Homework Help video explores this question and provides students with a succinct overview of the essential information regarding the 8th amendment.