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Voices From Western Expansion – Lesson Plan

Guiding Questions

  • How did the acquisition of new territories impact the nation’s growth and development?
  • How did westward expansion impact Native American tribes, and what were the consequences of these interactions?

Objectives

  • Students will understand the experiences of Americans who settled out West.
  • Students will understand the impact that western expansion had on Native Americans.

Resources

Student Resources:

  • Voices from Western Expansion Document Analysis Graphic Organizer
  • Voices From Western Expansion Primary Source Set

Facilitation Notes

This lesson will help students better understand the experiences during time of western expansion through assessing primary sources.

Anticipate (Optional)

  • Quick Write: Ask students to spend 3 minutes writing about what they think daily life was like for pioneers and Native Americans during the time of western expansion.
  • Think-Pair-Share: Have students share their ideas with a partner, then invite a few pairs to share with the class.

Engage

  • Display the image Mormon Pioneers, 1847
    • Link: https://www.loc.gov/resource/cph.3c13103/
  • Conduct a See-Think-Wonder (STW) activity:
  • What do you see? (Observations)
  • What do you think about that? (Interpretations)
  • What does it make you wonder? (Questions)
  • See-Think-Wonder Options
  • Model the STW process by thinking aloud:
  •  See: “I am going to describe exactly what I observe in this image without making any interpretations.”
  • Example: “I see people in wagons. They are walking along a path. This is in black and white.”
  • Think: “Now, I will share what I think about what I am seeing, based on my observations and prior knowledge. I am also going to consider what civic virtues might be demonstrated in this image.”

Scaffolding note: Civic virtues are good habits that promote self-government and help guarantee that communities orient themselves towards advancing the spirit of a common purpose. See our list of civic virtues. An example of a virtue depicted in the photo is courage.

  • Example: “I think this might be pioneers because of the covered wagons.”
  • Wonder: “Finally, I will ask questions about what I have observed and thought about.”
  • Example: “I wonder where this trail is. I wonder why these people are traveling on the trail.”
  • Student Pair/Group Activity:
  • Divide students into pairs or small groups.
  • Instruct students to complete the STW process together, recording their ideas in each column of the graphic organizer
  • Circulate to provide support and ask probing questions.

Scaffolding note: Consider providing students with the following thinking stems to support student analysis. 

  • See:
  • “In this image, I notice…”
  • “The photograph shows…”
  • “I can clearly see…”
  • “In the foreground/background, there is…”
  • Think:
  • “Based on what I see, I think…”
  • “This image might represent…”
  • “The photographer may have wanted to show…”
  • “This makes me think about…”
  • “This image might demonstrate the civic virtue of…”
  • “The actions shown here could represent…”
  • “This photograph makes me think about the importance of…”
  • Wonder:
  • “I wonder why…”
  • “What might have happened just before/after this photo was taken?”
  • “How might the people in this image be feeling?”
  • “I wonder how people today might demonstrate similar civic virtues…”
  • “What challenges might people have faced in upholding these virtues during westward travel?”

Explore

  • Divide the class into small groups (3-5 students).
  • Provide each group with a primary source related to personal experiences during western expansion.
  • Jigsaw Activity:
  • Assign each group member a specific primary source to analyze.
  • Students record information about their source on their graphic organizer.  Then they use the information to create a visual display summarizing their primary source and key takeaways.  The visual display can be done on paper or a digital tool of choice. Below are detailed questions to help guide students when using the graphic organizer.
  • Voice: What is the author’s voice? What is their job, age, class, etc. and how might it impact what they are saying?
  • Intent: Is the document intended to inform, persuade, remind, change?
  • Environment: What is the environment like surrounding the creation of the document? What had happened before the document was created?
  • Who: Who was the document created for? Was it written for a friend or foe in the form of a letter? Is it a diary entry that was probably just for individual memory keeping?
  • Key details about personal experiences including evidence of civic virtues
  • Questions about the source
  • Gallery Walk:
  • If the group visual displays were done on paper, groups rotate around the room, viewing other groups’ displays.
  • Students use sticky notes to leave comments or questions on other groups’ work.
  • If the visual displays were completed digitally, groups should review the other displays together on their devices.
  • Have students use the comment feature on the chosen digital tool to interact with other groups by leaving comments or questions.
  • Students should record information about the other primary sources on their graphic organizer.

Assess & Reflect

  1. Individual Reflection
    • Students write a short paragraph answering the question:
      • After looking at these primary sources, what did you learn about what life was like for people during westward expansion?
  • Class Discussion:
  • What did you notice about the different experiences people had during westward expansion? What was similar? What was different?
  • What was challenging about understanding the primary sources?
  • How did these personal stories help you learn about what life was really like during this time?
  • Why is it important to learn about history through real people’s experiences, not just big events or facts?

AND/OR

  1. Exit Ticket
    • Students write one new question they have about life for pioneers/Native Americans during western expansion based on their exploration of the primary sources.

Student Handouts