
Voices From Western Expansion – Lesson Plan
Guiding Questions
- How did the acquisition of new territories impact the nation’s growth and development?
- How did westward expansion impact Native American tribes, and what were the consequences of these interactions?
Objectives
- Students will understand the experiences of Americans who settled out West.
- Students will understand the impact that western expansion had on Native Americans.
Resources
Student Resources:
- Voices from Western Expansion Document Analysis Graphic Organizer
- Voices From Western Expansion Primary Source Set
Facilitation Notes
This lesson will help students better understand the experiences during time of western expansion through assessing primary sources.
Anticipate (Optional)
- Quick Write: Ask students to spend 3 minutes writing about what they think daily life was like for pioneers and Native Americans during the time of western expansion.
- Think-Pair-Share: Have students share their ideas with a partner, then invite a few pairs to share with the class.
Engage
- Display the image Mormon Pioneers, 1847
- Link: https://www.loc.gov/resource/cph.3c13103/
- Conduct a See-Think-Wonder (STW) activity:
- What do you see? (Observations)
- What do you think about that? (Interpretations)
- What does it make you wonder? (Questions)
- See-Think-Wonder Options
- Model the STW process by thinking aloud:
- See: “I am going to describe exactly what I observe in this image without making any interpretations.”
- Example: “I see people in wagons. They are walking along a path. This is in black and white.”
- Think: “Now, I will share what I think about what I am seeing, based on my observations and prior knowledge. I am also going to consider what civic virtues might be demonstrated in this image.”
Scaffolding note: Civic virtues are good habits that promote self-government and help guarantee that communities orient themselves towards advancing the spirit of a common purpose. See our list of civic virtues. An example of a virtue depicted in the photo is courage.
- Example: “I think this might be pioneers because of the covered wagons.”
- Wonder: “Finally, I will ask questions about what I have observed and thought about.”
- Example: “I wonder where this trail is. I wonder why these people are traveling on the trail.”
- Student Pair/Group Activity:
- Divide students into pairs or small groups.
- Instruct students to complete the STW process together, recording their ideas in each column of the graphic organizer
- Circulate to provide support and ask probing questions.
Scaffolding note: Consider providing students with the following thinking stems to support student analysis.
- See:
- “In this image, I notice…”
- “The photograph shows…”
- “I can clearly see…”
- “In the foreground/background, there is…”
- Think:
- “Based on what I see, I think…”
- “This image might represent…”
- “The photographer may have wanted to show…”
- “This makes me think about…”
- “This image might demonstrate the civic virtue of…”
- “The actions shown here could represent…”
- “This photograph makes me think about the importance of…”
- Wonder:
- “I wonder why…”
- “What might have happened just before/after this photo was taken?”
- “How might the people in this image be feeling?”
- “I wonder how people today might demonstrate similar civic virtues…”
- “What challenges might people have faced in upholding these virtues during westward travel?”
Explore
- Divide the class into small groups (3-5 students).
- Provide each group with a primary source related to personal experiences during western expansion.
- Jigsaw Activity:
- Assign each group member a specific primary source to analyze.
- Students record information about their source on their graphic organizer. Then they use the information to create a visual display summarizing their primary source and key takeaways. The visual display can be done on paper or a digital tool of choice. Below are detailed questions to help guide students when using the graphic organizer.
- Voice: What is the author’s voice? What is their job, age, class, etc. and how might it impact what they are saying?
- Intent: Is the document intended to inform, persuade, remind, change?
- Environment: What is the environment like surrounding the creation of the document? What had happened before the document was created?
- Who: Who was the document created for? Was it written for a friend or foe in the form of a letter? Is it a diary entry that was probably just for individual memory keeping?
- Key details about personal experiences including evidence of civic virtues
- Questions about the source
- Gallery Walk:
- If the group visual displays were done on paper, groups rotate around the room, viewing other groups’ displays.
- Students use sticky notes to leave comments or questions on other groups’ work.
- If the visual displays were completed digitally, groups should review the other displays together on their devices.
- Have students use the comment feature on the chosen digital tool to interact with other groups by leaving comments or questions.
- Students should record information about the other primary sources on their graphic organizer.
Assess & Reflect
- Individual Reflection
- Students write a short paragraph answering the question:
- After looking at these primary sources, what did you learn about what life was like for people during westward expansion?
- Students write a short paragraph answering the question:
- Class Discussion:
- What did you notice about the different experiences people had during westward expansion? What was similar? What was different?
- What was challenging about understanding the primary sources?
- How did these personal stories help you learn about what life was really like during this time?
- Why is it important to learn about history through real people’s experiences, not just big events or facts?
AND/OR
- Exit Ticket
- Students write one new question they have about life for pioneers/Native Americans during western expansion based on their exploration of the primary sources.