AP U.S. History Prep Episode #5 | Jacksonian Democracy and Antebellum Reform (1824-1848)

0:00 hey there students Thom Richie here with the Bill of Rights Institute and we are live for another a push prep webinar and this is our fifth of nine webinars now the nice thing is here we’ve taken a few days off but we are back every evening before the exams 6:30 p.m. Eastern Time that’s going to be tonight Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday all the way up to the evening before the exam so we’re gonna be here every evening this evenings review is going to focus on the antebellum period specifically with questions you have about the era of jacksonian democracy and/or antebellum reform so go ahead and let us know what’s on your mind and we will go ahead and and get started okay so one thing that I want to that I want to do first of all let’s go ahead and make sure that y’all have my ddq about the effects of democracy okay and anytime you have a DBQ remember that it’s going to come from the things in the course and exam description and so what we want to note on that is that you know the things that you know when you see documents they’re always going to be helpful for forming arguments that could come about from the you know from the course and exam description and so when we’re thinking about democracy one of the things that we want to think about is going to be the effects of democracy what happened in terms of let’s see so that is effects of democracy sorry I sense I sent a link and forgot to label it so my effects of democracy DBQ will be added to the chat and later to the description of this video and this is something that I think is worth going over and thinking about what are the you know what are the consequences so first of all what was you know so called jacksonian democracy and what are the consequences of this now one of the first things that we need to understand is a lot of us may think you know we’re told when we’re young that the Constitutional Convention was the beginning of American democracy and what we have to think about here is that’s not really a defensible argument in terms of thinking about that the framers of the Constitution the participants of the Constitutional Convention meant to set up a government that was democratic when we think about what is a democratic government that is a government of where everyone can vote ok a government where everyone can vote or at least you know in terms of jacksonian democracy that there was equality in voting for all white males now of course our feelings about democracy now have changed with the Fifteenth Amendment which prohibits the

3:00 discrimination in voting based on race color or previous condition of servitude and the 19th amendment which prohibits voting discrimination based on sex ok so as far as that goes we want to think about you know what was okay so first of all what was Jacksonian you know we think about that in quotes jacksonian democracy okay so this is you know basically the principle here is in the 1820s okay so the 1820s most states are transitioned from from requiring property okay so requiring property in order to vote to allowing all white males to vote regardless of property ownership okay so as far as that goes that something that we’re seeing here and we want to think about what does that mean how does it change American politics so one nice place to start here I don’t know how nice this place is but let’s go back to 1824 and let’s think about the corrupt bargain okay the corrupt bargain which is probably one of the more credible conspiracy theory in the history of the United States when we go to the corrupt bargain what we’re thinking of here is that you know you have this contested election of 1824 and in this contested election of 1824 we see that nobody got a majority in the electoral college now constitutionally in order to win a presidential election then somebody has to get a majority of the electoral college now remember that the popular vote according to our Constitution is really irrelevant it has nothing to do with who wins a presidential election as you note our most recent presidential election the winner of the election did not win the official popular vote our and so with that we see that the electoral vote is what matters based on the Constitution and what we see here when we’re looking at the election of 1824 is you know you see a lot of blue on this map indicating Andrew Jackson ok so Jackson what we can note here is you had four candidates for the presidency yet Andrew Jackson John Quincy Adams William Crawford and Henry Clay the main ones you need to know or Jackson and Adams now of course you know clay as well because of his role here now when we look at this on Jackson got 43 percent of the popular vote then he got let’s see here I did slides weird at this time don’t do slides like this I’ve got two things on the same slide that shouldn’t that shouldn’t be the case okay so yes the elector so the electoral vote 99 electoral votes for

6:02 Andrew Jackson compared to 84 for John Quincy Adams now you know here 37 for Clay 41 for Crawford and so what you’re seeing here is that you know Jackson is by far the most popular now when I say that when you look at John Quincy Adams most of his support comes from the Northeast Henry Clay’s obviously a west of the Appalachian Mountains candidate and then Crawford is a southern candidate and you can see here where Jackson is getting States all the way from New Jersey to pencil bang you to Mississippi to Indiana on to South Carolina of course he’s gonna run afoul South Carolina later on but what we see here is that if we were to say which one of these is the choice of the people okay that it looks like Andrew Jackson now then again he did not win the majority either of the electoral vote or the popular vote and so what we see here in 1825 is when there is not a decisive winner in the electoral college when one candidate does not get a majority it goes to the House of Representatives where every state delegation cast one vote and what you see here is there seems to be a correlation between states that that cast their votes of course you know when we look here John Quincy Adams the Northeast is gonna go with John Quincy Adams then you’re going to see here that these states that were won by Henry Clay so we look at Ohio Kentucky and Missouri excuse me well oh hi Oh Kentucky Missouri they suddenly go for Adams and so when when you look at this you see a lot of states whose people had voted for Andrew Jackson that they end up supporting someone else and so what we see here is that John Quincy Adams got a very narrow victory in the House of Representatives so if we looked if we looked here we’ve got 13 to 7 to 4 and if we were to take one of these it would be 12 and 12 so by one vote one state delegation in the House of Representatives John Quincy Adams becomes the president of the United States and so when you look at this you see that in the you know in the popular vote and the electoral vote we see that win Jackson and Crawford have put together in the popular vote they had 56 percent of the popular vote in the electoral vote the two of them put together had a majority but clay and Adams are able to make an alliance here and they are able to give Adams the presidency now we’re not done if it were just that that would be one thing but when we look at this what happens is that Henry Clay then you know what’s John Quincy Adams becomes

9:04 the president Henry Clay is named Secretary of State now what is so significant about this now when you think about this there are some of you who may be able to name a few cabinet officials how many cabinet officials do you think you can name how many of you you know how many just go ahead and put a number in the comments okay so how many cabinet officials can you name as far as president Trump’s cabinet so go through there think about that some of you will say zero and that’s okay because the exam comes you know to a close at 19:45 writes after World War World War two so you probably should get a little more informed but you’re not gonna need it for your AP exam now when we think about this those of you who can name like two or more Kant cabinet officials I would guess that one of those officials would be Secretary of State Mike Pompeo okay that would be somebody that I would imagine that some of you could you know if you can do anything you okay we see here that all of her saying I can name zero okay so Bethenny you’re saying you can name three James you can name two y’all tell me what Secretary of State Mike Pompeo one of those or not because typically now of course president Trump has had two secretaries of state but typically a Secretary of State is someone who can so yeah Eric sup Eric all right so we see here yeah William bar is you know is the Attorney General who is definitely somebody who’s been in the news and of course Ben Carson the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development and Rick Perry on the secretary I believe is the Secretary of Energy if I’m not mistaken on ben Carson Rick Perry have in the past been presidential candidates Rick Perry was the governor of Texas for a long time a very large state so so with that what we want to understand is at that time the Secretary of State was someone who was ah you know who was basically the next in line for the presidency still a very important cabinet post today okay still a very important cabinet post today but back then what we want to note is that that we have here that every previous every previous president besides children George Washington who of course was first every previous president had either been vice president secretary of state or both okay Thomas Jefferson did Secretary of State vice president and shoot I’m going to the presidency there so what happens here is the Virginia dynasty you had Jefferson passes to Madison Madison passes to Monroe now Monroe during the era of good feelings what we want to understand here is that James Monroe is president during the era of good feelings and James you have asked did the Constitution anticipate political parties no what we want to think about is that the United States our form of government today is classified as a democratic republic now

12:07 our government was not at the time the Constitution was written you would not have classified it as a democratic republic it was a more of an aristocratic Republic and they thought that we’re not going to have a party system okay they’re not going to have a party system and this is something that is you know that is kind of idealistic because we think about a republic we’re all in this together and we are trying to do things for the common good that that is the idea of a republic is for the common good on that we all work together it’s democracy where we really get into political parties you know because democracy is inherently adversarial and thinking in terms of you know that this side versus this side and so as far as that as far as that goes that’s democracy and so you know the framers of the Constitution did not intend to create a democracy and so that’s where that’s where we’re seeing a difference here in you know the type of government which today we take to reciepe for granted and so just to note kind of what’s going on here that the corrupt bargain in an aristocracy it is not necessarily you know against the rules for people to make deals okay so for aristocrats to make deals on that’s not necessarily against the rules so you know clay and Adams there was no written contract here that clay and Adams are going to um conspire but it certainly looks like conspiracy and four years later Andrew Jackson comes back okay Andrew Jackson comes back and you know and and said like basically there’s been a corrupt bargain I’m the man of the people and Adams and Clay’s stole the presidency and Jackson uses that narrative on as conspiratorial as it is it’s something that played well with the people and that is an effect like when we’re thinking about the effects of democracy one of those is that had been a popular campaign if you had asked Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson are you running for president Thomas Jefferson would have said something the effect of if the American people want me to be President I will serve on in Jefferson’s generation it was seen as unbecoming for a gentleman to seek office that someone should be chosen now behind closed doors does Jefferson want to be President is he’s seeking the presidency you bet he is but he’s not out there campaigning for it so Andrew Jackson is somebody who is openly campaigning for the presidency now another thing we want to note about Andrew Jackson is here’s a god that was literally born in a log cabin okay so Jackson was born in a log cabin Jackson was not somebody who came from

15:10 any kind of aristocratic background okay so that’s something that we want to note specifically about Jackson is we see that Jackson one of the reasons why we call it jacksonian democracy is because you know Jackson’s sort of personifies this whole idea of body who can be bored in a log cabin and become president now one thing we want to note here is of course democracy really reaches its maturity in 1840 because the Whigs now the Whigs during this time are constantly a minority party on that there’s really only one time okay so after 18 after the 1840 election the two-year period okay so let me just share something here so you know in 1840 the Whigs who really were not as Democratic as as the Jacksonians basically the Jacksonians take on this name of we are the Democratic Republicans and later on they just shortened it they say okay we’re just the Democrats and of course the national Republicans clay and Adams in that bunch they decide to call themselves the Whigs now the thing about this is on the Whigs why does the Whig party call themselves the Whig party and so one thing that we see is an effect of democracy on one thing that we see so when we think about effects of democracy we’re going to put that in in our Google Docs we see here first of all on that there is popular campaign okay so popular campaign I’m so you know and I’m going off in a few tangents here but the 1840 election I was talking about Tippecanoe and Tyler too that they made it look like William Henry Harrison who was the general that was at the Battle of Tippecanoe they made it look like he was born in a log cabin like he was Andrew Jackson William Henry Harrison was not born in a log cabin okay so just to note that okay so what I want to do here let’s see King Andrew the first cartoon okay we want to take a look at the King Andrew the first cartoon so why did the Whigs on why did the Whigs call themselves the Whigs and so what I’m going to do here is I’m going to show you a little something on this cartoon that some of y’all have probably see neither in class or in your textbook why did they call them the ways okay now the wigs were a political party at that time in Britain and they were the party that was you know the party of more you know kind of a more progressive party that the Tory party was the more conservative like land owning party and so the Whigs are calling themselves this why would they named themselves after a British political party well they did

18:12 this because they said that Andrew Jackson is governing like a king Andrew Jackson is like a monarch and so going from there you know we see here that there is let’s see I’m trying to get yeah get a nice view of this alright so born to command it says here now notice he’s holding the veto okay so you know had I’ve been consulted a veto memory now note here he’s holding the veto he’s got a crown on his head and he is stepping on the Constitution of the United States at the same time he is stepping on internal improvements and the Bank of the United States which remember that these are two of the three are parts of Henry Clay’s American system okay so Henry Clay’s American system what we want to note here is that the American system is Clay’s economic policy which is made up of the National Bank internal improvements and the protective tariffs now you see here that this is a wig point of view here because of course from the Democrats point of view the National Bank is not the Constitution internal improvements are not the Constitution so Congress passed something for the Maysville Road to basically build a road in the state of Kentucky Andrew Jackson says the Maysville Road is you know is in one state that is the job of Kentucky to build a road there there’s nothing in the Constitution that says that the federal government should get involved in internally provements so we do want to note at this time Henry Clay’s American system will come back to our list there but Henry Clay’s American system so we see here nip okay National Bank internal improvements and a protective tariff I would very much call a you know a very much encouraged nip because with that you know if you said pin the only problem with pen is that could be PE N or P I n but nip only says nip now I NP or P&I those don’t make any sense okay so we won’t do that I’m but we’ll note here that the wigs were the advocates of the American system and Henry Clay’s American system we think about the goal of the American system okay so the goal was to create to create an independent you know so basically to create an economy after you know sort of grade an economy that was independent of Europe okay so basically thus the American system now we think about the context of

21:12 Henry Clay’s American system we want to know the war of 1812 Henry Clay had been a war hawk during the war of 1812 so the war of 1812 was really a turning point because it as we were talking about last time it basically ends the idea of the United States as a purely agrarian economy that we are you know just focusing our economy only on agriculture and trade that was the whole Jeffersonian vision for what could be but you know Henry Clay wants to see a system where we’re promoting domestic manufacturing we are on developing the West ok so that’s where the federal government like Kentucky the way Henry Clay sees it if the federal government builds a road in Kentucky that helps Commerce okay but Jackson’s like nope I don’t see it and so what we want to note here is as we get into the second two-party system okay which I’ve shared this I’ve shared this powerpoint on jacksonian democracy and let’s think in terms of the second two-party system so as far as that goes we see here that you’ve got the first party system the Federalists and the Republicans the Republicans we call either Jeffersonian Republicans or Democratic Republicans depending now this exam since it’s been redesigned I think tends to say Democratic Republicans I prefer Jeffersonian I think it’s a little more accurate here’s why because in 1816 to 1824 it’s basically just one party everybody is a Republican and so you have you know because we believe in a Republican form of government now then they start to break up at you know around the election of 1828 we see that you know these alliances form these political alliances form with you know based on your clay and Jackson and so you see the national Republicans and the Democratic Republicans which the Democrats end up just shortening to Democrats and that is the same it’s the same Democratic Party that exists today and then the national Republicans start to call themselves the ways okay so you see in the 1832 election with clay versus Jackson okay so when we look at kleiber’s and Jackson in the 1832 presidential election let me just note here the you know sue the King Andrew the first cartoon okay so note here why the win why Whigs so basically an opposition party to oppose King Andrew the first okay so so we see here that that is I’ve you know just a link to that now let’s look at the 1832

24:13 presidential election so here we’re going to see Andrew Jackson versus Henry Clay now note here that Jackson is calling his party the Democratic Party claims party at this time is calling themselves the National Republican Party or the anti jackson party so this is something that we see that you know Jackson becomes this figure that is you know just polarizing you’re either for him or you’re against him and you know people have very differing opinions of it sounds like somebody else we might know in politics today so you know as far as that goes when we’re thinking about that election the national Republicans now you see where Jackson is taking the majority of the vote here now of course I vo South Carolinians did not vote that year because of the nullification crisis and then the anti-masonic party on this is a party that got to seven point eight percent of the vote now I’ve always found the anti-masonic party kind of interesting because when we’re thinking about democracy okay so the transition of the United States to a democracy George Washington was somebody who was very active in the Masonic Order and the Masonic Order you know is something that still exists today my friends who are members of the Masonic Order now the thing is what you got to think about is when we’re considering when we’re considering like the Masonic Order meets behind closed doors okay so they have secret meetings part of democracy is openness and so this idea of this order you know that’s filled with people who tend to have connections they’re meeting in secret I believe around this time there was someone who you know who spilled the beans on some masonic secrets and rituals and next thing you know he was found dead that sort of thing okay so one thing that I would note here is you have this anti-masonic reaction and it coincides with the United States developing as a democracy that’s supposed to be open and not exclusive and equal okay so that’s something that you know you see here and that’s just kind of an interesting thing here and you see where Vermont actually you know the anti-masonic party comes in first there but Jackson really cleaned up as far as the electoral college here and also note here the 1832 election of Henry Clay had really just kind of a poor record in picking issues and that Henry Clay wanted to make the election of 1832 a referendum on the bank now one thing that we want to note here is we think about the effects of democracy we would think about the expansion of presidential

27:14 okay so the expansion of pres or the expansion I mean expansion thank you google and so the expansion of presidential power when we look at Andrew Jackson and his vetoes okay so if we’re thinking about presidential vetoes presidential vetoes in the United States something to look at here okay so United States presidential vetoes on what we’re looking at is that before Andrew Jackson you have to seven we’ve got nine here Madison vetoed seven which is a lot Adams and Jefferson never vetoed anything so James Madison was quite a veto and then James Monroe vetoed one John Quincy Adams never vetoed a bill and this is something to kind of think about with the you know when we think about the of course I William Henry Harrison never vetoed anything didn’t really exactly have time and so with that Andrew Jackson vetoed twelve pieces of legislation when you include pocket vetoes and so with that we see that that George Washington you know George Washington James Madison James Monroe between them they you know eight nine ten and there’s Jackson who’s vetoed twelve and so what we see here is the beginning of you know when we are studying AP government of one of the things that we learn about the presidency it’s the way that the presidency operates in our system of government today you know we think about you know the veto okay so the veto which makes the president a third house of Congress okay because you know it’s really what we see now the first the veto of course the president has that power but it was something that was used sparingly for George Washington for example his two vetoes it was either unworkable and like we just my secretary wore said just not gonna work like this piece of legislation is we’re not gonna be able to do it and then the other one was because Washington felt like this was not in the constant this was a violation Constitution it went beyond the government’s constitutional authority now Jackson with his bank detail of course this is something that becomes the big issue of 18 of the 1832 election now when we look at the second two-party system we want to keep in mind here on that you’ve got the Whigs and the Democrats okay the Whigs led by clay the Democrats led by Jackson now you’re going to see that clay is more Hamiltonian and Jackson is more Jeffersonian okay so you know Jackson’s the states rights guy generally now notification that went a little too far Jackson says but generally Jackson was a fan of states rights whereas clay tended to be more nationalistic when it comes down to it the Whigs had a more elitist kind of view most people who were favoring Antebellum reform at that time were

30:16 active in the Whig party I’m so you know the Jacksonians not so much now strict construction of the Constitution like Jefferson laissez faire like Jefferson and so the Whigs tended to be strong as even though the Whigs were a National Party they were strongest in the Northeast and you see the south and the West for the Democrats now the big controversy of this time was the American system National Bank internal improvements and protective tariffs now the Democrats on the protective tariffs I could be a little more nuanced northern Democrats tended to support high tariffs because it helped manufacturing but certainly Democrats in the south they tended not to be big fans of this okay that they because it’s something that the southern economy was based on agriculture and trade and so that’s what you see here now when Jackson vetoed the Bank Henry Clay said let’s make the let’s make the 1832 election a referendum on the bank okay so as far as that as far as that goes that’s what we’re looking at there and let’s let’s go and take our questions we’ve got a few questions that have come in I love questions and y’all go ahead and bring this in so now Democratic Republicans Isaac when they talk about it on the exam the reason I don’t like the use of the term democratic-republicans on the exam is because this is you know best it best describes Jackson’s party around 1828 so if we look at the 1828 election you know we see that Jackson’s party is you know is referring themselves as the Democratic Republicans okay now what we want to know – here they start calling themselves the Democrats Jefferson’s party you know so on the exam Jackson’s party will just be referred to as the Democratic Party Jefferson’s party will likely be referred to as the Democratic Republican Party I think Jeffersonian Republican Party just sounds more clear but you know that’s you know just maybe one of many issues where the college board not don’t necessarily see on a high all right and so as far as that as far as that goes that when we’re thinking about this yeah when you’re thinking about what the so called imperial presidency Jackson definitely redefined the presidency but the other thing we want to note is that Jackson led the party that for most of the antebellum period was the majority party and so so as far as that goes on ch I’ve got a video on aristocratic Republic’s and Democratic Republic’s that’s something that I would say let me go ahead and go into YouTube I’ll get you a link here to this video ok so aristocratic Republic’s

33:22 okay so let me go ahead and I’m going to I’m gonna give you a link to this to this video um so we’re going to do a video link here and I think that this lecture whoops actually let me send a different link here because that will go to a timestamp that we don’t want so a video link here for my video on aristocratic Republic’s versus Democratic Republic’s and you see what’s going on in terms of you know in terms of the development of democracy and I do think that the development of democracy is something that we can say that this process of you know is something that could be seen as a cause of the American Civil War because this period from 1820 to 1860 is set 1860 we see a big difference in how it you know how people are defined okay so we you know like how the nation is defined how we think of things so we think about this of you know we could say that this whole idea not only of popular campaigning but let’s see I forgot you know every once in a while I do forget my train of thought and I’m sorry I’m sorry about that I’m so with that let me just go into a few more things here we do want to talk a little bit about Antebellum reform here as well oh you know I would say that you know not only the expansion of presidential power but when we think of the idea of you know debates about the nature of the Union okay so debates you know basic over the second two-party system okay so the second two-party system okay so Democrats and Whigs okay so that’s one of the big effects of democracy Democrats and Whigs now popular campaigning when we look at the bank Jackson said that the bank is not in the Constitution okay it’s not a legitimate constitutional power of the government now Jackson and his bank veto actually had some things that he said in terms of he said that a when Jackson said that just any bank wouldn’t necessarily violate the Constitution but he said that the Bank of the United States as it was up for recharter in 1832 Jackson believed that that violated the principles of the Constitution he believed that the bank made you know rich people richer at the expense of the average person so remember that the Democratic Party is based on these laws a fair principles is the best thing that the government can do to preserve Liberty is to get out of the way and let people be free in their actions and let you know the economy run on its own course okay so that’s something that would have been on that was important to them now in terms of that as well let’s see here so for continuity and change over time now as

36:22 far as that goes up one thing that I will say Angela is I think that if I’m doing a CCO TSA okay so if I’m writing a CCO TSA on continuity and change over time what I would say is this is where chronology is important if we’re thinking about causation we’re probably not going to have to keep chronology but one of the key things that we need to keep in mind with a continuity and change over time essay is that the chronology really matters because the first paragraph is really I think showing how were things at the beginning so what I would do here for example if I’m writing an essay about you know about the development of democracy during the period between 1820 and 1860 what I would say here is that Andrew you know I would say here that we began the United States you know you can contextualize with the Constitutional Convention and then you could look at the era of good feeling and so we see here where typically property men have an outsize say in government okay so that’s something that is you know that’s going to be seen as as important but then what I would do here is I would describe the aristocratic Republic in the first paragraph and then I would describe in the second paragraph the Democratic Republic and the things that are changing and I would be sure to make those comparisons so we would say that you know in you know we’re thinking about the establishment of a Democratic Republic looking at the 1840 election Tippecanoe and Tyler too and how many people voted ok that there were in the election of 1820 West than 100,000 popular votes cast and then we’re getting into the millions by 1840 and so this is something that is you know that is changing that is changing quite a bit okay so but we want to in that second paragraph get into the changes that are happening okay so going going with that let’s let’s also note a few things that I’m going to say that when we’re getting into the affects of democracy we want to note here that let’s see so Jackson’s use the veto yeah so the thing is that Jackson’s veto yes it is it’s an expansion of presidential power it’s an expression of partisan politics okay so we want to understand that this is an expression of partisan politics as well so you know it can expand democracy in the sense that the bank was something that you know it passed Congress but this is the thing where Jackson is probably the first like populist president okay you know we could say now we don’t want to confound that with the populist party but we do see that you

39:23 know politicians are campaigning on issues on that people care about okay so one thing that we’ll note here is manifest destiny okay so you know manifest destiny is something that is of you know dealing with the United States moving west now when we think about this this is the 1844 campaign okay so you know we think about popular campaigning one thing I would note here is you know Jackson the kajak s’en the corrupt part you know Jackson campaigned on the corrupt bargain in 1828 I’ve you know Jackson campaigned against the bank okay so against the Bank of the United States in 1832 and then we see that in you know in 1840 you know so Tippecanoe and Tyler too entice of the log cabin and hard cider campaign okay now I’m giving you things that you can use as as basically examples of popular campaign okay so we think about this the hot long cabinet and hard cider campaign of 1840 now this was a Whig campaign so basically the Whigs have gotten on the stage of democracy it’s like the 1840 campaign kind of represents the Whigs who you know we’re pretty much just before that a minority party they get to elect a president because they put together a great campaign now another thing we want to note here is you know poke out you know campaigns on Texas annexation and Oregon in 1844 now one thing that I found that was very interesting I looked at the 1844 platform’s of the Democratic in the Whig parties and one thing that I thought was super interesting about the platform’s for these two parties is the Democratic party platform said we support the annexation of Texas we support you know we support Oregon okay so we support the annexation of Texas we support you know Oregon said the Oregon settlement in our favor fifty-four forty or fight which they didn’t go along with I’m so but they still did you know settle the Oregon question and so the Democratic Party said we favor manifest destiny the Whig party crickets just nothing they didn’t address Texas and this is one of those things like for example in South Carolina I live in a very Republican state in South Carolina and so if somebody’s running for office as a

42:24 Democrat for example they’re not necessarily going to be advertising democrat okay they’re going to say I’m running for office and they’ll kind of keep their party sort of low-key and so when you look at the Whig party in 1844 they just stayed silent on the Texas issue and so Pope’s campaign drove home that Texas issue and Henry Clay and the Whigs were not really you know they weren’t equipped for that because the issue of the day was manifest destiny and the Democrats won on that I mean the winner of most elections in a democracy is the you know is the campaign the party that addresses the issues that people care about in that year and so then we want to know Antebellum before movements okay so when we’re thinking about antebellum reform movements abolition abolitionism on that we get into then you know temperance and women’s rights okay so when you’re looking at these I think these are the big three okay now another one you could look at is public education on public education prison and Asylum reform doing these kind of in terms of you know the top three are going to be you know if you want to know three not five I would focus on the top three okay so Horace Mann in Massachusetts now one thing to note about public education as we go forward we talk about reconstruction later on what we want to know about public education is that public education didn’t really exist in the south as we know you know as we know it until reconstruction brought that to the South okay so we see that reconstruction brings it to the south and there you go but during the antebellum period public education was much more common in the northeast okay so as far as that as far as that goes I’ve you know you see now Antebellum or four movements in general now then we also want to note is that the Second Great Awakening is context okay if you’ve got something about if you’ve got a DBQ about antebellum reform movements I would say that the Second Great Awakening would be your best context that you’re going to run into that that’s going that’s going to be something that is you know that’s that’s what is inspiring these Antebellum Reformers very highly religious and so as far as that abolitionism remember what abolitionism is on is getting abolishing slavery slavery across the United States immediately okay so when we see here abolishing slavery immediately across the United States

45:27 so that’s abolitionism now our your abolitionist that we look at the William Lloyd Garrison and he was the publisher of The Liberator okay so he had a newspaper called The Liberator now then there was Frederick Douglass okay so Frederick Douglass on who wrote a narrative on the life of Frederick Douglass okay so an American slave okay so he wrote one of the most popular slave narratives at that time so abolitionists you’ve got garrison and Douglass now of course temperance was of you know an effort to ban alcohol okay so alcohol and bet you know basically an effort to ban ban alcohol in the United States okay some success in New England okay so some success in the Northeast so we want to note here now the Second Great Awakening is something that is national that’s happening everywhere okay so that was a you know fully national that was a cross the nation can’t meetings okay so camp meetings were very popular here and then that is where they basically just get together they camp out for a few days and they pitch a tent and they listen to a bunch of Hellfire and brimstone revival preaching and so that’s what they’re seeing there now we have an increase in evangelical okay so evangelical denominations okay so when we come to that an increase in evangelical dominations for example Baptists and methods okay and then what you want to note here was you know it inspired Antebellum reform movements all right and so as far as that goes the temperance movie you don’t really need to know anybody with that women’s rights of course we want to know the Seneca Falls convention and you know that was in 1848 in New York you know 1848 New York State there’s actually a song if you search on youtube for Seneca Falls song and it’s kind of catchy like the first line says the year was 1848 in New York State so it fought it rhymes okay 1848 Seneca Falls New York alright and then we want to note Elizabeth Cady stand okay Elizabeth Cady Stanton was you know one of the foremost reformers you know that was looking for you know women to be able to vote now note here that the context of women’s rights we want to think of in terms of that women were very active in the abolitionist and temperance movements okay women were based I mean when you look at the

48:27 temperance movement especially women were very active in that because this is something that you know when you look at the statistics it’s it’s really something in terms of on the average American at that time like in the 1840s drank like three times as much alcohol as the average American today it’s it’s really quite an amount and people were spending their paychecks you know a lot of people are violent when they’re drunk so you know with that what we want to understand about public education is public education was most common in the northeast okay so in the Northeast didn’t you know wasn’t implemented in the south until reconstruction okay so we have basically compulsory education okay so compulsory education and also it was non-sectarian okay now you still typically had like prayer Bible reading in schools but it’s something that was you know not controlled by a religious group okay so not controlled by a religious group on that before that you know a lot of schools were you know we’re controlled by religious groups chorus man is setting up this public education system and of course Dorothea Dix okay Dorothea Dix who is trying to improve on the conditions okay so tried to improve conditions in prisons and asylums okay so that’s something that we can you know just hopefully that helps you I’m trying to do some things that kind of outline some things that are going on here so it’s something that you can use possibly as useful notes on for your AP exam if you’ve just got some things there that are like okay cause and effect I would definitely have some causation stuff in front of me since you can use open notes on some things that are talking about this is the cause of this that’s the cause of that this was the effect of this you see and so as far as that goes let’s see that Isaac you’re asking for the DBQ do you need to describe for docs now you can’t use a document to support an argument if you didn’t describe it like you know if I’m looking at you know if I’m thinking hey I want document to to support this art I can’t support an argument with a document that I didn’t describe and so that’s something that you know we need to kind of keep in mind here that if you didn’t describe the document then you’re not going to be able to you’re not gonna be able to use it as for an argument so the supported argument point takes for granted that you have already described the document it says on the rubric that the standard for supporting an argument is

51:28 you know is something that must exceed the standard for you know yet for using the argument okay so or for you know for for just saying that you understand the document okay and one thing that I’ll do here is I’ll give y’all a link to my a push DBQ page okay so a push ddq page which has some resources on there that I think will help you including my rubric a Marco Learning annotation guide a sample response and a DBQ that I wrote on the American Revolution now what we want to note as well is I have done a web I’ve done a couple of webinars it’s which the Bill of Rights Institute they share in the chat on that we did some webinars last month that we’re addressing the changes to the exam in this current exam format so that’s something that we want to you know make sure that y’all are aware of as well okay so so with that let’s see as far as that goes we’ve got a few more things here yeah now one thing that I would say here avoid the top yeah so here’s the thing Robin one thing that I like to do when I’m thinking about this period is to compare the 1830s and the 1850s okay and we’ll get into the 18 you know we’re gonna get into the 1850s I guess next time and so one thing that that I often find helpful is that you know the 1830s okay let me go ahead and just show my document here in case some of y’all aren’t here with me um let me go into you know where people are watching it later so the 1830s to 1850s okay so we see here that the gag rule okay so the gag rule on you no discussion no discussion of slavery in you know in Congress okay and then you’ve also got here that no action on Texas okay 1836 to 1845 like basically Texas wanted to get in the Union for nine years and there’s no action on that so in the 1830s that there is still of there still remnants remnants of aristocratic political culture okay so culture on that focused on on avoiding controversy okay so when we look at the 1850s we see the maturity of a democratic political culture okay so the maturity of you know a fully democratic political culture I don’t know if I want to call that mature because gosh that’s when people are beating each other with sticks and stuff like that I’m yo killing each other with broadswords out in Kansas I’m sowing

54:28 pure a fully democratic political culture in which politicians court controversy okay okay we think about like for example you know the Charles Sumner’s crime against Kansas speech okay so so when we look at Charles Sumner prior crime Charles sunders crime against Kansas speech now you can agree or disagree with what Preston Brooks did but you know in response that it was a very inflammatory speech like something a speech that would have never been given in the Senate before that now in the 1850s you know heated debates over slavery in the West ok so we see that they’re heated debates over slavery in the 1850s and ladies and gentlemen let me also note that the Bill of Rights Institute they’re going to share a link here the Bill of Rights Institute is hosting their constitutional Academy this summer online this is typically something that people would attend in person but this is a free event now the 6th through the 10th of July it wouldn’t hurt you to go and apply for it to find out more about it they’re gonna be bringing in political leaders and community leaders and this is a great way for you to network with people who also want to participate in politics and civic action so make sure that you know that you look into that the Bill of Rights Institute’s constitutional Academy and this is something that you know it’s a free opportunity there you don’t even have to get off your couch and so with this you know ch there are four movements I think are a product of jacksonian democracy they’re not necessarily like they’re not all like endorsements jacksonian democracy you think about temperance temperance is really in a lot of ways kind of an elitist movement that people should not be allowed to buy alcoholic beverages but it’s a product of jacksonian democracy basically mass politics the reform movements are a product of mass politics if you think about that but yes the reform movements would be something that happened even though reformers weren’t necessarily fans of Andrew Jackson or of jacksonian democracy on immigrants when we’re looking at immigrants that’s in the 1840s and certainly the market revolution is creating a need for labor on you know with Irish people coming in and German people doing extent but most Germans went into the Midwest and farm but yeah Irish people are looking for labour and of course we’ve got you

57:29 donate a nativist up right you know so so an up taken nativism in the 1840s and 1850s because the Irish they represented the first Catholic wave of emigration and if I’m remembering correctly which exam week I don’t always remember correctly but if you go back if you go back to the AP prep webinar number 10 you can see a history I went over immigration and internal migration so we did kind of a thematic approach there with immigration and internal migrations so with that ladies and gentlemen thank you all very much remember that I will be live with the Bill of Rights Institute every evening at 6:30 until the a.push exam so Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday you know how to find us if you are I’ve not subscribed make sure that you are subscribed to the Bill of Rights Institute’s YouTube channel and with that ladies and gentlemen best of luck everyone on your AP exams and it’s always a pleasure