Skip to Main Content
A historic painting depicting military officers on horseback before a formation of soldiers in a mountainous landscape.
Mural depicting historical figures and allegorical representations, set against a cloud backdrop.
A student worksheet with sections for exploration and reflection on artworks and historical events.
A portrait of James Madison.

Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness – Chapter 4

34 items

A historic painting depicting military officers on horseback before a formation of soldiers in a mountainous landscape.
Chapter 4 Introductory Essay: 1789-1800
Essay - 7743 Words

Essay

7743 Words

How did the new Constitution shape U.S. politics?
Mural depicting historical figures and allegorical representations, set against a cloud backdrop.
George Washington in American Art Primary Source Images
Activity

Activity

Nine images of George Washington that allow students to explore the emerging national identity.
A student worksheet with sections for exploration and reflection on artworks and historical events.
George Washington in American Art Student Handout
Activity

Activity

A graphic organizer to accompany the nine primary source images.
A portrait of James Madison.
James Madison and the Bill of Rights
Essay - 2533 Words

Essay

2533 Words

Why is Madison called the "Father of the Constitution"?
A document outlining Madison's proposed amendments to the Bill of Rights with annotations and recommendations.
Refining the Bill of Rights: Madison’s Proposals
Activity

Activity

A graphic organizer to help students analyze the proposed Bill of Rights and connect them to the themes of other Founding Documents.
Historic illustration of a street with horse-drawn carriages and three-story buildings, featuring trees and pedestrians.
The Compromise of 1790
Essay - 2414 Words

Essay

2414 Words

By the end of this section, you will explain how and why political ideas, institutions, and party systems developed and changed in the new republic.
President George Washington
Washington’s First Inaugural Address, 1789
Activity

Activity

40 Min

Use this primary source text to explore key historical events.
Document titled "Congress of the United States," presenting text in a formal layout with official language.
The Judiciary Act of 1789
Activity

Activity

40 Min

Use this primary source text to explore key historical events.
A man in 18th-century attire reads a document, seated at a table with a bust and books nearby.
Benjamin Franklin and the First Abolitionist Petitions
Essay - 2197 Words

Essay

2197 Words

How did Benjamin Franklin fight for the abolition of slavery?
Illustration of workers processing cotton in a historical setting, with figures engaged in various tasks.
Eli Whitney and the Cotton Gin
Essay - 1968 Words

Essay

1968 Words

How did the cotton gin impact slavery in the U.S.?
A photograph of a bank building.
Alexander Hamilton and the National Bank
Essay - 2382 Words

Essay

2382 Words

Why did Hamilton want the U.S. to have a national bank?
Historic building labeled "First National Bank" with people and horse-drawn carriages in front.
“Strict” or “Loose”: Was the National Bank Constitutional?
Activity

Activity

40 Min

Jefferson and Hamilton's debates over the constitutionality of a national bank was one of the major debates in the early republic. Which Founder had the better interpretation of the Constitution on the issue? Adam Tate and Jack Rakove debate this question.
Graphic organizer layout for comparing two claims about Hamilton and Jefferson's views on the Constitution and national bank.
“Strict” or “Loose”: Was the National Bank Constitutional Graphic Organizer
Activity

Activity

40 Min

A handout to accompany the scholarly claims made in the corresponding Point-Counterpoint readings that helps student synthesize the claims put forth.
Background of the National Bank Debate
Activity

Activity

A narrative that gives background to the first discussion of the proper limits and relationships to be applied to state and national government in the Early Republic.
Handout detailing Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson's opinion on the National Bank's constitutionality, 1791.
Cabinet Member Reports
Activity

Activity

A set of primary sources written by Thomas Jefferson, Edmund Randolph, and Alexander Hamilton that share their opinions on the Constitutionality of the National Bank.
A document with reflection questions related to George Washington, the bank, and political principles.
National Bank Activity Reflection Questions
Activity

Activity

A set of questions to be used after arguments for the National Bank have been presented.
Handwritten historical document with signatures and text detailing Thomas Paine's petition.
Robert Carter and Manumission
Essay - 1994 Words

Essay

1994 Words

By the end of this section, you will explain the continuities and changes in regional attitudes about slavery as it expanded from 1754 to 1800.
Historic building with a portico supported by columns and ornamental details, set against a clear sky.
Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton, Writings on the National Bank, 1785–1792
Activity

Activity

40 Min

Use this primary source text to explore key historical events.
A historical illustration depicting a group of enslaved individuals in a field, with labor tools and children present.
Methods of Slave Resistance DBQ
Lesson - 1 Activities

Lesson

1 Activities

80 Min

Use this Lesson to have students examine how enslaved men and women resisted slavery during the late 1700s and early 1800s.
80 Min
A 1789 painting of the storming of the Bastille, depicting the event and figures involved in the attack.
Legacy of the American Revolution Student Document Packet
Activity

Activity

A set of primary sources (including images) that seek to answer the question to what extent was there a connection between the American Revolution and revolutions in France, Haiti, and Latin America?
A portrait of Edmond Charles Genet.
George Washington and the Proclamation of Neutrality
Essay - 2486 Words

Essay

2486 Words

By the end of this section, you will explain how and why competition intensified conflicts among peoples and nations from 1754 to 1800.
A historical scene depicting European settlers and Indigenous people interacting in a natural landscape.
The Battle of Fallen Timbers
Essay - 2857 Words

Essay

2857 Words

Why did the U.S. and Native Americans fight in the 1790s?
Portrait of a man with curly hair, wearing a coat and a decorative insignia.
The XYZ Affair and the Quasi-War with France
Essay - 2052 Words

Essay

2052 Words

Explore what the Quasi-War was and its impact on the U.S.
Portrait of a seated man in academic robes, with a thoughtful expression, against a neutral background.
The Jay Treaty
Essay - 2225 Words

Essay

2225 Words

How did Britain violate U.S. rights in the late 18th century?
Historic document featuring George Washington's handwriting and signature.
The Royal Proclamation of 1763 and the Treaty of New York, 1790
Activity

Activity

40 Min

Use this primary source text to explore key historical events.
Portrait of a seated man in academic robes, with a thoughtful expression, against a neutral background.
The Jay Treaty, 1795
Activity

Activity

40 Min

Use this primary source text to explore key historical events.
Portrait of a 18th-century military officer dressed in a black hat and red coat with gold epaulettes.
Pinckney’s Treaty, 1796
Activity

Activity

40 Min

Use this primary source text to explore key historical events.
Political caricature depicting figures in period clothing engaging in a humorous scene about property and nationality.
Cartoon Analysis: Property Protected—à la Françoise, 1798
Activity

Activity

40 Min

Use this primary source imagery to analyze major events in history.
A satirical engraving depicting a chaotic scene of a duel in a formal setting, with spectators observing.
Cartoon Analysis: Congressional Pugilists, 1798
Activity

Activity

40 Min

Use this primary source imagery to analyze major events in history.
Painting of George Washingtons Farewell Address
George Washington, Farewell Address, 1796
Activity

Activity

40 Min

Use this primary source text to explore key historical events.
A cartoon depicting a fight between two people, while surrounding people watch.
The Alien and Sedition Acts
Essay - 2501 Words

Essay

2501 Words

Did the Alien and Sedition Acts violate the First Amendment?
Portraits of James Madison and Thomas Jefferson
Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, 1798–1799
Activity

Activity

40 Min

Use this primary source text to explore key historical events.
A historic painting depicting a troop review with soldiers on horseback and a line of infantry in the background.
The Whiskey Rebellion: Unjust Taxation or Enforcing the Rule of Law?
Activity

Activity

40 Min

The Whiskey Rebellion was one of the first significant challenges to the new government under the Constitution. How valid were the complaints of the rebels who opposed the new taxation on whiskey? Frank W. Garmon, Jr. and Rebecca Brannon debate this question.
Graphic organizer for comparing two claims, featuring columns for summaries and supporting evidence.
The Whiskey Rebellion: Unjust Taxation or Enforcing the Rule of Law Graphic Organizer
Activity

Activity

40 Min

A handout to accompany the scholarly claims made in the corresponding Point-Counterpoint readings that helps student synthesize the claims put forth.