AP Prep Webinar #9: Cold War, Tom Richey

of live review tonight at 8:00 p.m. is Supreme Leader okay so hashtag Supreme Leader all that kind of stuff we’re gonna be doing that at eight o’clock and that’s gonna be at Tom Ridge net slash a push I want to make sure everybody’s aware of that but before we do that we’ve got some stuff here with my friends here and remember to tell you friends that we’re here okay ladies and gentlemen all right so yeah the thing is you know what happened to we all know what happened to snow cop all right so and the thing is it tends to be like the you know the weakest period for a lot of people you know to be quite honest you know my class like we barely gotten there this year you know so you know you really have to kind of choose between do you want to teach your kids how to write or do you want to finish the material and so let’s go ahead and take a look here and I want to go ahead and start off with the Cold War okay and we’re going to kind of get into the early Cold War and kind of figure out you know what’s going on with that and then I’ll take some cold war related questions and then after that we will move on to some of the other talks some of the other post-war topics now remember as far as that goes go ahead and put your questions in the Q&A box all right that the chat box is going to be more for you know folks that you know you talking to each other all right so as far as that goes yes Bri that’s the thing but you know what I have taught this course for for ten years now okay so I’ve never taken the test but then at the same time the test has changed quite a bit since I was in high school so let me go ahead and share the screen with you now I’m you know but before I do that be call a page limit for dbq’s le Q’s I mean really what you need to remember is that you don’t really gain anything by writing like an eight-page DBQ you know you really could you could get easily a seven out of seven writing a three-page DBQ maybe even a little less than that depending on how big you write okay so you know le qs I don’t see any need to really go beyond two pages because there’s really only so much you can do and once you know if it’s comfortable for you but what I do tell people is don’t don’t do don’t rush okay like I had a student one time who made a five on his exam and you know I’ve had to tell him I was like you know nobody wants to read eight pages of chicken scratch all right so I told him I would rather him have less stuff in that DBQ and ride it more legibly so as far as that gun thing now a good outline for riding dbq’s and le ques I’ve got some stuff online where I go into that you know you might want to check out you know this we really shouldn’t be asking those kind of questions tonight but for Le ques I’ve got a box method that I’ll probably you know show a little more of you know a little bit later so as far as that as far as that goes on let’s uh you know let’s go with that Thank You Arianna or Arianna however you pronounce that thank you so much for the vote of

confidence it’s a written test right all right so let’s go ahead and get you into the Cold War now first of all the Cold War era I want to I want to note here that if this really begins with the Yalta Conference let me go into the United Nations okay so the big three here at the Yalta Conference in February of 1945 now remember that the Soviets were our allies in World War two so you see Churchill FDR and Stalin the big three and there are two decisions made at the Alta conference first of all they are going to divide Germany okay so Germany has been a recurring problem now officially two world wars and so they’re going to divide Germany and then they’re going to create the United Nations now yes I know that sounds weird because we remember wait the United States rejected the League of Nations why is it that the United States is willing to enter the United Nations well that’s a good question but see here’s the thing that the United Nations you know was created it wasn’t like the League of Nations where it was a democratic kind of set up you know what you’ve got here is that there are permanent members of what’s called a Security Council all right so the Security Council is set up to kind of be the governing body of the UN and you know with the Security Council what’s going to happen here is that the United States gray Britain the Soviet Union France and China they are each going to the World War two allies they are each going to have a seat on the Security Council and they get a veto okay so each of these five members now determine on being on the winning side which I know France wasn’t necessarily on the winning side but we can pretend that they are but as far as that goes these five countries the world war two allies each Security Council member gets a veto why is that not grammatically correct you know a lot of my you know post-war stuff is still kind of in process because I’m not really at my creative best when we’ve got the exam coming up right and so each member of the Security Council gets a veto and when it comes down to it compared to the League of Nations in some ways the United Nations is is kind of a joke I mean you think about it what what is the United Nations do what have they done you know you all get together and talk but there aren’t many things that the United Nations you know actually does now super powers okay so what we’re seeing during this Cold War period is the rise of the superpowers and so you’ve got the United States on one hand with its NATO allies and of course you see the Americas where we see sort of the implementation of the Monroe Doctrine that you know there’s a commitment to keeping marxism-leninism out of the out of the Americas in Latin America you know in particular and so as far as that goes what we want to know here is the policy of containment now one comparison that I always make to

containment because communism we can agree that communism is bad but the US government did not decide like okay we’re going to get rid of communism we’re gonna try to eradicate it um you know it’s really a lot like the free soil movement you know like Abraham Lincoln was no fan of slavery but before the Civil War and even the first couple years of the Civil War he’s not saying like hey we need to end slavery in Alabama you know he’s saying I’ve you know we need to keep slavery from spreading and so these are the principles of containment basically on that we’ve got to contain communism within its existing borders this is operating under the assumption that the Soviet communists are aggressive by Nature now who knows that that’s where we get into the long telegram okay so George Kennan who was the father of containment was I believe working at the US Embassy in Moscow and so he writes this you know since this telegram which it is very long which is why it’s called the long telegram Soviet Communism is undoubtedly the greatest task our diplomacy has ever faced and probably greatest it will ever have to face okay so we see here that you know communism is being treated as something that is very very serious now what we see with communism here you’ve got not only the Soviet Union okay where you’ve got you know Russia and the Soviet Union now on some of these you know Russia and several others like Estonia Latvia Lithuania Ukraine these were Soviet Socialist Republics they were part of the Soviet Union but what you’ve got here you’ve got on these other countries these Eastern Bloc countries Stalin said that he needed a sphere of influence alright so Stalin needs a sphere of influence so what happens is all of these nations that had been created after World War one you know you see all of these nations been created they are basically kind of you know kind of putting being put under Soviet influence now this is kind of you know these are buffer states now also remember Germany is divided so you’ve got the Soviet zone of Germany I’m here what they call East Germany now then the Iron Curtain okay so the Iron Curtain here is where Winston Churchill actually coined this he was giving a commencement speech in Missouri now that’s where President Truman was from so he went to Missouri and gave a commencement speech in 1946 now the speech was called sinews of peace and you know as far as that goes he’s talking about how an Iron Curtain um has risen up in Europe and so the Soviets you know sees that they are starting to divide their satellite states away from the

free world so you’ve got this this divider now it’s not like a literal curtain but a figurative curtain a curtain nonetheless so then we go to the Truman Doctrine all right so Harry Truman who was the President of the United States you know basically said that our objective remember is not to eradicate communism our objective is to stop communism in its tracks to make sure that communism does not spread so the Truman Doctrine in a nutshell now the Truman Doctrine was first tested in Greece and Turkey and Truman said I believe that it must be the policy United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures and so you see here Greece and Turkey people were afraid that they were going to fall to communism and so Truman uh you know pledges that he is going the United States is going to offer assistance to Greece and Turkey so this is the first application of the Truman Doctrine now then you know you always need a good cop to go with your bad cop the Marshall Plan is that good cop also called the four European recovery basically the European recovery plan now that comes from General George C Marshall the US Secretary of State and we are giving money to Western Europe to shore up us friendly governments all right so we are you know basically you know nominally we’re helping them rebuild but we also want to make sure that these people who are rebuilding their countries that they’re comfortable and that any kind of agitation for communism you know becomes I mean because people aren’t educated communism when they are comfortable so European recovery supplied by the United States of America now giving all kinds of money to European countries you know from France to United Kingdom to West Germany to Italy to Greece now also we gave a little bit of money to Yugoslavia which Yugoslavia was actually a a communist dictatorship but the leader of Yugoslavia you know pulled Yugoslavia away from the influence of the Soviet Union so Yugoslavia was going to be an independent communist state we’re thinking you know what you can have some too so one thing to remember is that the Cold War is not completely cold war foreign policy is not always ideological a lot of it is pragmatic and really judging what’s best for the interest of the United States and its allies and so you know if you if you’re communist but you’re not gonna be affiliated with the Soviet Union then we can help you too all right and so as far as that goes ladies and gentlemen that’s kind of getting into the very beginning of the Cold War and really just kind of setting the stage noting the Marshall Plan us or me the Marshall Plan the Truman Doctrine and the United States commitment to keep

communism from spreading let me see if we’ve got any questions here now remember in the first part of this we are focusing on the Cold War okay so I want to I’ll go ahead and give priority to questions about the Cold War all right I’m Daniel that is a that is a great point here ladies and gentlemen stop asking dvq predictions Daniel is right it’s like you know if you’re trying to gain the exam you’re distracting yourself from you could be studying right now okay and the thing is you’re trying to predict the DBQ you’ve got to be ready for an ambush okay so so here’s the thing that really you’ve got different different things here as far let’s see so yeah but let’s ladies and gentlemen if y’all want now if you all want to do that but you’re not you’re not paying attention when you’re doing that you’re not focusing on studying so let’s go ahead and think about this all right so going into that okay what what actually calls the Cold War um you know the thing is you’ve got really this kind of power vacuum after you know World War two on that really you had had this order that had been established and remember Germany is the larger I don’t want to get too deep into the weeds here but Germany is the largest economy in Europe and so when Germany was divided in two and then a lot of European countries were weakened by the war the United States and the Soviet Union were you know really in that in that position okay so let me go ahead you know what’s what’s good here I’m getting questions about on to taunt okay so let me go ahead I’ve got a video on this on YouTube so I’m not gonna give this entire lecture here oh I need to I need to do something real quick I’ve got a font okay so Statue okay never mind ladies ok so there’s something here that I’m not ok here we go I’ve got a font that I did not have on this on this computer and I did not put I did not program my powerpoint presentation evidently to embed my fonts in the file that is just about to be corrected okay all right so here’s the thing that Truman is you know Truman has this containment policy now remember some of this is practical some of its ideological now John F Kennedy you know John F Kennedy had the you know as far as he had a very ideological foreign policy you know when you look at his speech in Berlin you know where he said if people think that communism is not an evil system let them come to Berlin if people think that communism

allows human progress let them come to Berlin ok um and so he goes into this and it’s really like it’s really like really passionate rhetoric almost like were a wrestler like John some of John F Kennedy speeches I think in terms of like you know he could have been a you know wrestler or something like that and so as far as that as far as that goes in into that on that is John F Kennedy and then you’ve got the Cuban Missile Crisis which basically you know makes people think twice because you know when people think that we are on the verge of nuclear war you know people are a little bit afraid at like what could happen if we don’t tone this down a little bit okay so as far as as far as that goes let’s see now the containment and rollback so let me talk about rollback in a little bit okay but for right now let me kind of get into some key features of Richard Nixon’s foreign policy okay and so as far as that goes we see here of course Nixon going to China all right and so Richard Nixon’s foreign policy now a few things here all right that I’m going to kind of go into that I think will be helpful now Richard Nixon rose through the political ranks as a staunch anti-communist through his involvement with huic or however they say that HUAC that’s kind of weird but who AK stands for the house on American Activities Committee and so this was something that was created during the second Red Scare remember the first Red Scare was after World War one the second Red Scare was after World War 2 with McCarthyism and all that well Nixon was somebody who was you know very very staunchly he had a reputation for being staunchly anti-communist all right which you kind of needed stay hydrated kids which you kind of needed if you were going to get elected okay you didn’t want to get a reputation for being soft on communism if you were going to get elected us Cold War policies had brought the world to the brink of nuclear war and involved the nation in expensive and unpopular war so you see where the Cuban Missile Crisis it’s like okay I mean we almost got into a nuclear war people felt like and then Vietnam ok Vietnam had become very expensive very unpopular 1968 was really as far as the turn in public opinion with the Tet Offensive now the United States technically had a military victory in the Tet Offensive the Vietcong did not achieve their objectives of pushing into the cities and taking over but public opinion when all of the pictures of the Tet Offensive and all of the death and all of that you know people you know that’s when the anti-war movement really picked up and by the time Nixon becomes president in 1969 you know it is kind of seen as like we need to be making an effort to kind of get out of Vietnam Nixon embrace the policy of d’etat a

relaxing of tensions with communist world he negotiated the salt one treaty and established the diplomatic relations with communist China the Nixon Doctrine okay money weapons but not troops okay now what we need to think about with Vietnam is the Vietnam War is going on and somebody wanted to I wanted to ask a question about the Vietnam War so let’s uh let’s take a look here domino theory okay you know why is it that we’re going into Vietnam all right so domino theory as far as this goes in 1954 Eisenhower Eisenhower who was helping the French in Vietnam the French were still trying to control Vietnam and Eisenhower was helping the French why are we helping the French because of this theory okay so basically China during the Truman administration China had fallen to communism now that was really the you know the justification for getting involved in Korea because the fall of China was a big blow to Harry Truman’s containment policy and people were saying Harry Truman’s soft on communism and so you’ve got the Korean War now we were able to of course the Korean War may be ending we’re hearing that President Trump is you know going to meet with kim jeong-hoon but you know it looks like maybe i’ll get to meet him first that’s going on tonight and so you know krishana Korea now Vietnam if Vietnam Falls okay so Vietnam is in Indo China okay so Indochina which had been French Indochina and that is where you’ve got Vietnam Laos Cambodia Thailand okay so the idea was that if Vietnam becomes communist then the nations surrounding Vietnam will be communists as well so you know if we do if we ignore what’s going on in Vietnam then its Laos than Cambodia and then Thailand Malaysia Indonesia Burma and India and so that’s the thing that’s what had been predicted so as far as why we’re getting into the Vietnam War if the idea is that we have to stop we have to contain communism in Asia or else it is going to spread everywhere and you’ve got to remember I mean you know you go back to 1957 and the launch of Sputnik you know people were afraid like what is on that thing you know the Russians have put the satellite up we can’t do that you know what is it that that they’ve got up there and so the domino theory when you want to get into a cause of you know cause of the Vietnam War then you know the domino theory is a great place to go because this was a dominant foreign policy theory at that time and so as far as that as far as that’s concerned now so Nixon by the time Nixon

gets to be President all right then we see here that you know this has this is not you know going so well people want to get out and so Nixon also use the madman theory to keep his adversaries on their toes now if you’re following current foreign policy today you know President Trump makes a lot of allusions to to Nixon and I think that I think the president Trump appropriates this madman theory sometimes Nixon thought it was to his advantage if people thought he was crazy because that would make people deal with him differently all right so so Nixon you know as I said the house on American Activities Committee now Alger Hiss this was somebody now McCarthy you know he held up this list and he’s like I’ve got a list of 200 names of communists in the State Department now McCarthy may not have had any idea strictly speaking what he was talking about as far as the people on the list maybe they were real names maybe they weren’t but Alger Hiss you know this is somebody who was I mean there were people who were you know leftist who had sympathies with the you know with the communist states and they were in the State Department and so the Alger Hiss case was something that you see here Richard Nixon elect congressman Richard Nixon the man who broke the hiss case all right so Alger Hiss is what put Nixon on the map that Alger Hiss was found you know was found guilty and then you know as far as this goes we think about u.s. foreign policy containment and Red China all right so Mao takes over China they’re communists and that was basically the United States did not have any diplomatic relations with China at the time and so Truman after China fell as I said he had a reputation for being soft on communism which was the impetus for the Korean War that we’ve got to get in there and we’ve got to show that we are not letting communism go now Eisenhower okay now this is kind of giving you a little review here okay so Truman you know the containment policy in Greece and Turkey and the Korean War now the Eisenhower administration I can John Foster Dulles if you’ve ever flown out or into Dulles Airport I’ve you know that is named after Eisenhower’s Saab you know right-hand man John Foster Dulles and so as far as that massive retaliation based on the concept of mutually assured destruction then in the 1950s it was kind of kind of assumed that we were going to any war was gonna be a nuclear war now that’s not very uh you know that’s that’s not a very good thing when you think about it now John F Kennedy had this policy of brinksmanship okay you want to know this term all right the Cuban Missile Crisis is an example of brinksmanship it’s an example of going to the brink and showing that we are going to you’re going to back down before we do now brinksmanship is a great way to bargain unless it doesn’t

work okay unless both side unless neither side backs down and that could turn real ugly real quick especially when the stakes or nuclear war and so JFK played hardball during the Cuban Missile Crisis got the best possible settlement and so as far as that but there are some Americans that they all that you know Kennedy was being a bit hard and so the stakes here are nuclear war and so Kennedy and Johnson developed what’s called a flexible response foreign policy okay and so you know Kennedy and Johnson form this where it’s possible again to fight a limited war to fight a war that’s not a nuclear war what we might call as well proxy wars you know so the United States and the Soviet Union never got into a real war during the Cold War but you know they did get into these proxy wars where they’re helping the different sides here so as far as that Lyndon Johnson you know gets us really into like a full commitment into Vietnam whereas John F Kennedy only sent advisors you know Ike and his administration they only help they help the French with money pretty much okay and so again you know people are thinking hey you know we need to get out of Vietnam and so as far as this goes you know that the United States you know I just I think about the you know about the Aeneid war I see terrible war and the river foaming with streams of blood okay and the thing is this is where things could be going up to that point ninety four thousand Americans had been killed in action in Korea and Vietnam a lot of people were saying you know better red than dead and so d’etat the policy here now so if we want to get into causation and that sort of thing that the cause of the time is there had been so much tension and if you think about that y’all have been really stressed during AP week if you don’t take time to de-stress and that tension just builds and builds and builds it can take a toll on you so you know as far as what what happened here that you know with the d’etat Richard Nixon’s administration wants to relax Cold War tensions and what I think here is not to tension like you would get detention at school but the tension okay detention we are making their you know we were making less tension here and so Henry Kissinger was Richard Nixon’s secretary of state and Henry Kissinger was initially from from Germany and he applied some German type of foreign policy now it was inspired by Bismarck what we would call real politics so detention they talked you know if you will is based on real politic which is not based on ideology

so it’s it’s essentially that the United States should do what is best for the United States even if it means cozying up to some communist Taliban and so Nixon goes to China and he you know meets Chairman Mao and you know the thing is that the Chinese are you know at this time you know they’re ruled by people who’s you know whose methods of ruling or repugnant to the United States but you know they sensed a rift between China and the Soviet Union and so how can the United States insert itself there so the United States is kind of thinking you know if we could be cozy with China then maybe we should try to do that and so you know as far as that you’ve got Nixon going to China now to taunt continued okay to talk continued here you know there’s Nixon and Brezhnev and 73 on there’s Gerald Ford okay so Ford and Carter provided continuity with this to talk okay with what Nixon’s doing here okay and so as far as that now remember the you know the salt I’ve got went over so Kay sought strategic arms limitation talks and this was the first time the US and USSR had had discussions on arms limitations so Ford and Carter basically continued Nixon’s policies now Reagan represents when we’re thinking about continuity and change over time Reagan represents discontinuity okay so when Reagan comes in he revives the tough talk and the militarism of the 50s and 60s and Reagan was the one who was in to rollback okay so Reagan wanted to roll back communism and a special in Latin America where there were some communist friendly regimes that were taking over Reagan was like you know we’re going to fund anti-communist guerrillas and part of that commitment was what led to the iran-contra scandal I’m you know where we at we were actually like illegally selling some arms to Iran so that we could you know illegally fund these Contras in Latin America these anti communist guerrillas um so as far as that goes you might want to know about the Nixon doctrine if you if you have a question about Vietnam so the US shall furnish military and economic assistance when they were quite when requested in accordance with our treaty commitments but we shall look to the nation directly threatened to assume the primary responsibility for providing the manpower for its defense so money yes weapons yes troops no okay that is the Nixon doctrine that we are going to try to get out of providing ground troops okay so we see here vietnamisation okay so what the United States is doing there is trying to pull our combat troops out of the war and to you know to use their troops okay so what you see here is your troops are

tanks your troops are tanks and so that’s what you got there now Nixon called this what either his settlement at the end of Vietnam peace with honor how much honor was involved I guess the matter for discussion okay and then finally of course there’s that madman theory that if everybody thinks Nixon’s crazy then Nixon will have more bargaining power with the North Vietnamese all right so that’s kind of an abbreviated version of that of that lecture but I think it also kind of gave you a bit of a you know a bit of a summary of Cold War policy all right so as far as that goes all right so as far as the exam ladies ladies and gentlemen okay so let’s just note here all right that the exam now of course you never want to trust the College Board completely but they claim that post-1980 will only make up around 5% of the exam that’s what they that’s what they claim okay so as far as as far as that goes let’s take let’s let’s go ahead and note note this here all right now Abby how did the civil rights movement change after the death of Martin Luther King okay now as far as that goes kind of the irony here is Martin Luther King who had you know always been a fan of non-violence okay non-violence and all of that kind of stuff now remember if we’re thinking in terms of only about 5% of the exam being after 1980 I would not be talking about you know george w bush and obama and all that kind of stuff that much so after the death of Martin Luther King he was always a fan of non-violence but in 1968 Martin Luther King’s death sparked you know riots in cities all over the country and one thing we want to note here is that you know Martin Luther King you know was was part of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference okay the Southern Christian Leadership Conference and this group was a group of ministers who were committed to this doctrine of non-violence and you had affiliated with them early on you know in the early 60s the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee snick okay I’ll go ahead and put that in there SNCC so there were young people who were involved in the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee there were some that John Lewis who is now a congressman from Georgia also you had a you know Stokely Carmichael now the thing about you know Stokely Carmichael is a great example of a young man who started with the nonviolent civil rights movement but got disillusioned with it okay so Stokely Carmichael and other young people but you know they saw a lack of progress now also when you think about like you know Malcolm X and other people you know who were you know now yeah Martin Luther King’s death had a lot more you know violent backlash now as far as as far as

that goes though that you know that was in 64 versus 68 okay and remember that you’ve got you know Malcolm X represents like kind of a you know Malcolm represents a different segment of the civil rights movement where you know Malcolm X was initially involved with the Nation of Islam you know which advocated black nationalism so what happened here is Martin Luther King was part of this like WB Dubois uh you know in double ACP kind of tradition where they were seeking let’s see yeah I was talking about the context the Cold War now I’m talking about civil rights just know that it’s more to Todd okay I’m not gonna be able to get to everything today okay um so as far as that goes though when you’re looking at the civil rights movement you know that Malcolm X you know was a black nationalist he believed that like you know he didn’t really support like integration and that sort of thing that wasn’t a thing that that he was that interested in and this becomes popular with the young generation you know when they see Martin Luther King shot they’re disillusioned and you know some branches the civil rights movement you know radicalized and so you’ve got the Black Panther movement which attracted a lot of these young black men who had been involved in you know some of these you know in some of these nonviolent movements earlier okay so we’ve got so we’ve got that there alright so we’ve we put that on that okay and accession okay so that all right let’s see um okay the rollback in containment I’ve gone over that the Marshall Plan and the Truman Doctrine think late 40s and 50s okay so when you think about the early Cold War you know yeah the Marshall Plan the Truman Doctrine they’re really looking at the late 1940s all right so rollback is Reagan’s policy of we are not satisfied with just communism being contained we want to roll it back like if you think about it if Truman was a free soiler when it came to communism Reagan is an abolitionist all right in that sense that Reagan wants to get rid of communism um let’s see propaganda in other countries I don’t know how much about propaganda but the Marshall Plan you know it’s basically like you know it’s it’s propaganda with dollars like we’re giving money so that you know they they have that but see as far as that far as that goes now we’re getting into some minutiae and stuff like that like people are asking things like you know can you go over the kitchen debate and that sort of thing you know I wouldn’t get into too deep into the weeds here let’s see cito and the Suez Crisis now cito is the Southeast Asian Treaty Association we’re not just members of you know NATO we also have some other mutual defense pact pacts and so Seto now if you think about this and let me say what I’ve got here okay Seto the

Southeast Asia treaty association or Treaty Organization and this is you know this doesn’t get as much you know as much play but this is a mutually a mutual defense pact that is a lot like NATO okay there’s a lot like NATO let me show you what we’ve got here now we were in Vietnam that was a seto operation okay so Seto on this Southeast Asia Treaty Organization Australia for example was part of Seto alright so in his part of c2 Australia the Philippines and so there were Australians that you know that fought in the Vietnam War so you know containment is really going like throughout you know containment is going worldwide on as far as that goes and then the Suez Crisis okay so what happened here the eisenhower doctrine y’all want to associate the eisenhower doctrine with the middle east okay so the eisenhower doctrine is basically looking to see like his egypt had a you know they had a government that became this guy Nasser that was cozying up to the Soviets and the worst thing that could happen was for the Soviets to gain control of the Suez Canal and so that wasn’t going to fly and you know so that’s really during the Eisenhower administration the Eisenhower Doctrine focused specifically on the Middle East alright and so we’ve got we’ve got that all right so Malcolm X and Martin Luther King jr. now I would say that they were both you know pushing for civil rights just in different in different ways you know now they actually met each other later on in life and you know shook hands and all that kind of stuff but Malcolm X spent most of his time criticizing Martin Luther King but it’s two approaches to you know to civil rights and those you know you need to understand the differences between those but remember that Malcolm X is really you know more of a black nationalist in the in the vein of Marcus Garvey his father had been a Garvey I remember that Marcus Garvey was all about not necessarily getting into not necessarily getting into uh you know where was it going with that okay but Marcus Garvey you know black nationalism basically that you know black people need to form their own communities and not try to integrate in white society you know Marcus Garvey and WB Dubois had a lot of debates about this what should be the goal of this alright so as far as that goes let’s see alright I can only answer with so much time that’s available okay uh yeah and Maddie’s Maddie’s great but that’s not really her job here she doesn’t teach a push or anything like that now can I go over can I discuss u.s. foreign policy in Latin America actually I’ve got something that I’m kind of constructing right now it’s not necessarily finished or anything like that but let me take a quick look

let me take a quick look here and see what I because there is actually something that I’ve been working on and just want to make sure that that I’ve got let’s say so that no I don’t have it there um I thought I had something here but let me [Music] you know what I’m not sure about that let’s see so actually yes I do have something here okay so let’s see I don’t know where I have it but okay there it is alright so ladies and gentlemen let me take a look now this is something again that is not like I mean this is a draft this isn’t something I’m like posting online or anything like that but a draft to kind of go into a little bit the Cold War in Latin America okay now the Organization of American States was established in 1948 and its motto being democracy for peace security and development one of its stated purposes so the United States is really joining several organizations but the organization of America’s American States one of its stated objective is to keep Marxism Leninism out of the American you know sphere of influence so we see kind of the application of the monroe doctrine here now the cuban revolution in 1959 Fidel Castro and his people took over Cuba and set up a communist friendly government only 90 miles off the coast of the United States and so this was you know so Cuba in 1962 was suspended from the Organization of American States and they’ve just been led in again in 2009 so in the last decade because the Cold War has been over a little bit okay so basically you know the resolution suspending Cuba said the adherence of any member of the organization America States American States to Marxism Leninism is incompatible with the inter-american system and alignment of such a government with the communist bloc breaks the unity and solidarity of the hemisphere and so Cuba was basically you know exiled from the you know from the American you know the American discourse here and so as far as this goes we see that these governments were you know at mostly allied with the United States but now you see where there were communist guerrillas in some of these in some of these countries you know Brazil and Colombia and Peru and I’m guessing that’s Bolivia if I’m not mistaken but I could be I could be wrong about that on but I know Che Guevara you know killed in Bolivia so that is my guess now um so the thing is now notice here anti-communist gorillas here so Reagan in the 1980s I’m you know was assisting

these anti communist guerrillas that’s the rollback policy now the Alliance for Progress was an economic alliance with Latin America basically in some ways I would equate that kind of like a Marshall Plan for Latin America so the Alliance for Progress which was specifically an American plan to bring greater prosperity on to Latin America and so as far as that goes those are you know just a few things that we could touch on as far as Latin America goes all right so let’s see here okay okay let’s see you know the thing is I just really like wit now I mean I’m really not I think that doing too much like post-1980 stuff is not necessarily going to be the best use of your time like you want to think about in terms of what is going to get the most payoff for me so for example like dbqs and Ellie Q’s are not supposed to be something that is going to come from like the post 1980 period okay now as far as one thing I might want to note is the you know basically the decline of American liberalism this is something that I’ve been working on here but at the same time some things that you know we might want to note here that you know you’ve got what’s called an and I’m still I’ve still got some work to do on that there is a Google document on that I can probably provide y’all with here if you give me just a moment here let me go into my drive and let me know let me see here okay let’s see if I can’t find him second then mmm okay not really funny but one thing you might want to note as far as you know just the rise of the conservative movement is that you know as far as you know government let’s see so multiple choice all right okay um okay great all right so as far as that goes let’s see what we’ve got okay so Reagan’s for now Reagan was not to talk Reagan is rollback so keep that in mind now Reagan now what you want to note is that Reagan was a friend of Mikhail Gorbachev like they actually hit it off very well and you know even though Reagan used some really tough rhetoric and called the Soviet Union the evil empire um he didn’t necessarily you know he didn’t necessarily you know stick with that okay so they were actually

very uh you know going into that okay so please go over Reaganomics okay so Reaganomics the way this works okay is there’s a guy named laugher okay the Laffer curve okay let me go ahead and pull that up on so that y’all can see this okay so this is the take a look here all right so let’s take a look at the Laffer curve but let me see if there’s an actual like curve here um okay well let me go ahead and share the screen here and let’s talk about Reaganomics alright because basically this is you know this is something that still got some you know some currency today now during the 60s and the 70s there were very high taxes on the wealthiest Americans and so the Laffer curve okay is you know basically which what you’ve got here is when is the government going to get the maximum revenue okay so as far as that goes like you’ve got a point where taxes get to be counterproductive okay now this particular latin Laffer curve has the rate at about top rated about 70 percent it’s probably a little bit high but basically the Laffer curve says that there’s a certain point where taxes become counterproductive and so if your tax rate is too high you’re not going to take in as much revenue and so what has to happen here like you could cut taxes and there’s going to be more revenue for the government now the only thing is if you cut taxes like too much that’s going to be a reduction of revenue so where our tax is going to be placed in order to maximize revenue and so what Reagan’s administration did is they cut taxes and it’s this whole idea of what’s called trickle-down economics that when we raise taxes then we are you know that base or when we cut taxes then those rich people are going to use that money in order to create jobs now you know there are different schools of thought about the extent to which that works but it’s essentially lowering the top tax rates in hopes that we will see the effects trickle down on to the rest of the population of course trickle down is what opponents would call this not people who believe in it okay cuz trickle-down kind of has a bit of a negative connotation there okay so as far as as far as that goes now a few things about like segregation of course some of you may or may not have taken AP government but you know as far as that goes you’ve got first of all school segregation okay which of course Brown versus the Board of Education overturned Plessy v Ferguson then you’ve got segregation in other public places you know public accommodations stuff like that now the Civil Rights Act of 1968 otherwise known as the Fair Housing Act said that you can’t discriminate when it comes to housing whether you’re selling renting or anything like that okay um

and so those are some different things that are going on there’s mostly in the 1960s where we see loss you know laws against that sort of thing alright so the military industrial complex Sophia okay so Dwight Eisenhower when he gave his farewell address Eisenhower talked about what he called the military-industrial complex and what he said was you know basically after every war the United States had ever been in the United States had disarmed like especially after World War one it’s like you know most of the ships and all of that kind of stuff were dismantled and so you know basically Eisenhower’s noting that World War two is like the first war where the United States is maintaining the war footing when we’re not at war and he said that he was concerned and he was concerned as a military man you know he said that you know god help us when someone’s occupying this office that doesn’t understand the military like I do and he said that when it comes down to it’s kind of like if you think about the naira port in the 1930s you know the naira port said that the United States had been drawn into World War 1 because arms manufacturers had drawn the United States into World War one and so you know Eisenhower saying look that you know we do need a strong military during this time but I you know what we don’t want to happen is where the military and people who are defense contractors and stuff like that that they are making money off of war there are people who profit off of war imagine that and so Eisenhower said we’ve got to be very very careful not to be pulled into this military-industrial complex where we are you know this military code estro complex where we are you know just producing armaments just for the sake of it you know which you could look at the Vietnam War I mean this is something where it’s like wow I mean Johnson got us like way committed in that okay and so that would get us into yeah basically where Eisenhower’s going with the military-industrial complex alright um what else should we know alright so American culture one thing you want to know is the rise of the conservative movement like basically when you look at the 1960s you see like the heyday of liberalism so-called where you know lyndon johnson johnson like they passed civil rights legislation they also you know passed like social you know basically social welfare legislation so the Great Society let Lyndon Jimmy Johnson’s Great Society his war on poverty you know this is this is something that he’s saying that we’re gonna get rid of poverty now the government’s making a lot of big promises and we tend to think like you know they sweat you know they make these promises and that sounds great you know we can

have like nobody can be poor that sounds awesome and people think oh this government promise sounds so great problem is that the government makes these big promises and then they don’t keep them you know and really their arguments you know the government can’t really keep them beyond a certain amount you know so what happens here is you have what’s called a you know a credibility gap you know in the 1970s what you want to note here is that there was a stagnant economy there was corruption there were scandals and then there was a weak foreign policy or foreign policy that is perceived as weak okay and so people are responding to this because basically the government is providing all these additional services and programs but it doesn’t seem to be helping the economy so in the 1970s stagnant economy corruption and scandals weak foreign policy and it creates this credibility gap in this this overconfidence in our mean sorry this decline of confidence in government and this is what’s really kind of fueling the rise of the conservative movement you know it’s dissatisfaction with government policies and they don’t see the kind of economic growth on that they were that they were expecting to see and so the credibility gap with LBJ and Nixon okay so lyndon b johnson didn’t even run for a second term because you know he was so unpopular due to the Vietnam War of course we know about Nixon and Watergate on so we you know we see those those scandals and as far as that LBJ use the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution now here’s what we see like we think about confidence in government you know you had the Gulf of Tonkin incident that started you know the Vietnam War and you know the gulf of tonkin which according to my professor clemson may or may not have been actually fired upon you know so this resolution passes where Congress gives LBJ a blank check you know do whatever you need to do to answer this crisis and then Nixon okay but then we took that blank check and he got his four Nicholas Lee mired in this war in this you know relatively insignificant country now Nixon sent US troops into Cambodia to cut off the Ho Chi Minh Trail now it was good military strategy but he did not notify Congress or the American people that he was doing it and so as far as that goes we see here that you know the government seems to be operating on its own apart from the people and so when Nixon resigned the you know Nixon resigned the presidency he was replaced by Ford now Ford you know pardoned Nixon now Ford felt like he was doing the right thing you know that basically this is getting us past this thing we don’t need to be in this situation I mean look at this you know mess right now uh you know with all of this you know Muller investigation and all that stuff and it’s like you know we

need to hold government accountable but does the President of the United States need to constantly you know be in the midst of all kinds of drama you know Ford thought no now of course people have legitimate disagreements over this now some people believe that if Ford hadn’t part Mixon that you know he might have been reelected but the other side of that is this stagnant economy and so the government had been getting larger and Reagan said you know of course it is not in his first inaugural address that you know government in this present crisis government is not the solution to our problem government is the problem on is what Reagan had to say here and that kind of you know puts forward the conservative movement now the other thing that you might want to know is the rise of the so-called religious right so these are social conservatives who started to gravitate toward the Republican Party and so you had seen that you know basically you had on the civil rights movement all that but then you know it’s like you know conservative America realizes you know we need to we need to start doing things to when the Equal Rights Amendment was almost ratified which would have banned any kind of discrimination based on sex I’m Phyllis Schlafly Phyllis Schlafly was actually a woman a conservative woman who put together the coalition that defeated the NRA she called this she called this stop stop taking our privileges okay and when you think about it like how many women want to be eligible for the draft and so that was the type of thing she said that this is actually going to you know this is actually you know going to work against what a lot of women want that a lot of women like they’re you know privileged status now on the other side of this is the National Organization for Women you know betty Friedan author of The Feminine Mystique okay and y’all are going on and on about you know the spanish-american war so hopefully y’all got you know y’all got a little bit here so as far as far as that but yes so as far as that ladies and gentlemen and see that’s the thing we get into the recent history people just start arguing about politics and stuff so ladies and gentlemen I think this is I mean for some of y’all that have been here for you know all of these broadcasts or most of them thank you so much okay thank you so much and I don’t know if Maddie is in a position to you know to say goodbye on the okay it sounds like that is but you know before Maddie says goodbye to y’all ladies and gentlemen I want to let y’all know that it really has been a pleasure I’m a bit tired and I’m sure y’all are a bit tired too I mean it has been a very intense two weeks but y’all of may y’all have made it fun um you know thank you and also ladies and gentlemen remember you can either find it on my youtube channel or you can go to Tom Ritchie dotnet slash a push and that will be the

supreme leader of a push review this evening from about 8:00 Eastern to 9:30 on questions on Twitter at me follow me on Twitter at me and hashtag your question supreme leader alright so as far as that goes ladies and gentlemen also the Bill of Rights Institute has lots of great stuff and I appreciate them having me on Maddi again thanks for thanks for welcoming me here and giving me this offered