AP Prep Webinar #5: Lead up to Civil War, Tom Richey

you testing one two did everyone hear me and then can everyone hear me hi everyone welcome to the bill Rights Institute AP prep webinar this is our fifth webinar in the series and we’re so glad you can make it tonight so just a little bit of housekeeping this seminar will last one hour our esteemed Tom Richie will will be leading us through this night program if you want to ask a specific content question please use the Q&A box at the bottom and if you want to just talk about what you’re hearing or introduce each other please please use our chat box so without any further ado I turn it over to mr. Tom Ritchie for tonight’s AP press webinar okay yeah okay sorry about that needed to unmute okay thank you everybody okay so let me try this again Tom Ritchie here and it’s a pleasure to be here tonight as we look at a very important topic it’s a Friday night webinar so you know not quite as many people here but this will give you more time to answer ask questions for me to answer them and also for other people to see the archive of this webinar and we will be looking at four more webinars next week as we look at the late 19th and then go into the 20th century all right so we’ve got lots of people here we’ve got my gun Jason and Buddy Ritchie it looks like Raj is here okay so great to see everybody all right so let’s go ahead and start looking at some of the causes of the Civil War all right so lots of stuff we can do here I’m gonna probably get y’all to you know y’all to kind of give me some input here because there are a lot of things that we could emphasize but I’m gonna go ahead and get right to it and we’ll see where we go from there all right lots of great people here know Roger I’m still not going to prom with you but you know it is certainly flattering that you keep asking every night and it’s good to see everybody I did the nullification crisis last night so go ahead and look at webinar four and you’ll be able to see

me go through the nullification crisis in quite a bit detail okay so let’s go ahead and share my screen and remember we won’t be able to hit everything okay it’s just there there’s so much there that we are going to emphasize some things here now what I’m going to do first is I’m going to take a quick look at the Mexican War and the compromise of 1850 and that is really kind of a turning point here because last time we were talking about nullification the early antebellum period and really this culture of compromise that existed between the Missouri Compromise and the copper odds of 1850 so this period between 1820 and 1850 is dominated by the 1812 generation really this like second generation of American political leaders Webster clay Calhoun these were people who were very committed to the compromises you know we were talking the other night about the compromises that produced the cost to tution and so when South Carolina started doing its nullification thing clay closed that out with a compromise now things are going to change though as really with the expansion to the west okay so this cannot be understated here as far as the westward expansion of the United States being a major cause of the American Civil War and really the Mexican War is what is going to start this chaos that leads to the Civil War kind of like in a similar situation as the French and Indian War is going to lead to the American Revolution so let’s take a quick look at the Mexican War in the compromise of 1850 and so this now we should recognize this by now this is American progress in 1872 painting there is often years – I’ve really underscore this concept of manifest destiny that the United States is somehow divinely ordained – you know go from sea to shining sea so to speak and so we’ve got the telegraph wires choo-choo train ships stagecoaches farmers pioneers the Pony Express and then you’ve got all of this out here and we’ll talk about that a little bit more on Monday night so as far as this goes you know why America is expanding and you know achieving its manifest destiny as they saw that the time and in 1845 Texas with an X by a joint resolution of Congress one thing that key to understanding is that in the 1830s there was this culture of compromise and nobody wanted to start any trouble Texas had gained its independence in the 1830s and the United States is like no things we’re not going to start this argument now James K pol gets collected on this manifest destiny westward expansion ticket and so before

he even takes office John Tyler with the help of John C Khaldoon on his Secretary of State brings Texas into the Union so before Polk even takes office Tec in the Union and now Texas and this is always an interesting discussion to have when you’re talking about the legality of secession that this territory here in pink is disputed territory that Texas says that it’s part of Texas Mexico says that’s part of Mexico and the United States recognized Texas born you know Texas version of this border not Mexico okay so we’ve got disputed territory here and then also you’ve got this Bear Flag Republic now you notice on the California flag you’ve got the Lone Star which a you know started with this this Bonnie Blue Flag during the West Lord a rebellion and we see the Texas has this Lone Star on their flag California has this Lone Star on their flag so a lot of people are you know trying to bring this area you know make it independent but then also put another star on the flag of the United States and so here is more land that the United States wants and you know we’ve got these bear flaggers out here that it started their little so-called republic out in California so you know you’ve got the Mexican War and this is what happens when I general Zachary Taylor is out there is fired upon and all of that so we go to war with Mexico and long story short you know this is a you know pretty quick war in some ways kind of like the spanish-american war just a very one-sided kind of war here you see US troops in Mexico City and a win for the United States and so when for the United States and then we will and the Treaty of Guadalupe zalgo will take after country and you know so basically the United States in a matter of a few years has you know between Texas and the Mexican Cession has taken a great deal of what used to be Mexico and with that comes you know new conflicts because the slavery issue had already been settled in the Louisiana Purchase by the Missouri Compromise and so as far as that goes and if things get too orderly they get boring but if they get too chaotic then it gets to be a mess and that’s what you’re really seeing here because there’s going to be a big debate over the Mexican Cession now there’s the Gadsden Purchase I don’t know if any of y’all seen that Jimmy Fallon bit but it’s really funny if you type in Jimmy Fallon GATS and purchase on YouTube it’s pretty hilarious and the point here was to bring in a southern Transcontinental Railroad which of course that was also part of the justification for the kansas-nebraska act and that’s going to be passed just a little bit later now on this year this is Mexico as it was before the United States got a hold of its absolute vodka thought that they were going to make a you know make an ad a few years back and that just didn’t go

over that well that you know caused a bit of controversy they ended up pulling it and so as far as westward expansion just reminding us that we’ve got the Louisiana Purchase in 1803 alright so we got the Louisiana Purchase and then we don’t really see much else until I’ve you know until the 1840s and what you see here so you’ve got in 1845 the Republic of Texas and then you’ve got Mexico in the disputed lands now of course we bring in Texas and then we’ve got the Mexican Cession that’s unorganized territory so what do we do with this all right and so what we need to understand is the rise of free soil and this is very very key to understand the causes of the Civil War because the abolitionists they believed that you know that slavery needs to be gotten rid of immediately and everywhere now the thing is that of course you know we thoroughly believe that slavery is wrong and reprehensible and all of that but for these people you know it was just it was part of life now in the north it was part of somebody else’s life and it’s it stayed that way that’s fine just like today I don’t want to go to a factory where my clothes are made or where they make my cell phone I don’t really want to know you know it’s just you know that’s that’s kind of uncomfortable and you know so just don’t tell me and I’ll buy clothes and my cell phone and all that kind of stuff as long as I have to see it and so the Free Soil movement was an anti-slavery movement that was not about being against slavery in the abstract but about limiting the expansion of slavery into the western territories and keeping it away from you know what people moving they thought this is going to be a place for three white farmers for free white laborers and not to have to compete and so now this is not unlike the Truman Doctrine if you think about this during the Cold War where Harry Truman says that we are going to you know we are going to contain communism that we are not going to allow it to spread but then we’re not going to try to eradicate it either that Free Soilers such as Abraham Lincoln in the 1850s they did not want slavery to spread and they’re committed to being against the spread of slavery now what’s important here is when we talk about this we need to we need to keep in mind that let’s see what was I saying here I lost my train of thought exactly it is Friday evening sorry about that but as far as that goes that free soil is about stopping the westward expansion of slavery whereas abolitionism is getting rid of slavery everywhere and now now abolitionism is based on morality you know that it is wrong that it’s against God and then free soil is more racist and economic you know these people you know want a white West so to speak and that’s what they’re you know so it’s not as much a morality play as a play on you know self-interest and what people are thinking about not wanting to be around it and so the Wilmot Proviso now yeah

this is where I was going when I lost my train of thought now keep in mind that this is going to but that the balance upset the applecart as far as remember that before the Mexican War there’d been this whole thing where we admit a free state we admit a slave state we admit a free state we have been a slave state so that way the free states and slave states are roughly equal so that they maintain a balance in the Senate now realize that Free Soil is no more slave states all right so that’s done and that’s going to you know start this chain of events that’s going to lead to the civil war and all the conflicts there so the Wilmot Proviso now this was submitted by David Wilmot a Democrat from Pennsylvania you know who the Wilmot Proviso said that any land taken from Mexico was not going to be open to slavery okay and so the thing is the Wilmot Proviso never passed but it’s still important because it’s really kind of a rallying cry for people who are against the spread of slavery and saying that you know slavery is not the spread of slavery is not going to be tolerated that is free soil and so with that that’s the Wilmot Proviso and then in 1848 Zachary Taylor is elected president the Whigs get their president now the Whigs remember they were not the dominant party during this time the Whigs not the wait for elected to presidents and they were both war heroes and they both died in their term William Henry Harrison and Zachary Taylor but now as far as that goes the Whigs win this election it’s the last election that they’re going to successfully contest and so the Mexican war hero becomes president and then of course Millard Fillmore now I’m kind of going through these quickly because you know who’s president whatever time is it something that figures highly on the exam unless we’re talking about one of those really important presidents all right so what are we going to do with the Mexican Cession and so that’s the compromise of 1850 now make sure you got your notes ready to go because we want to make sure that we have this because if you don’t know these things it’s going to be easy for the exam to trip you up so first of all California on the settlers in California petition to admit California as a free state now California is big and there were a lot of southern congressmen and are thinking well why can’t this be divided between the slave state the Free State and so as far as that goes so you know a lot of people aren’t going to vote for this and so Henry Clay yeah Henry Clay and Stephen Douglas they put together this the package okay so how can we get California well what we can do is we can reach out to some of the some of the congressmen from the upper south okay so from Virginia Kentucky Maryland Delaware maybe we can get their votes with a stronger Fugitive Slave Law now if you’re in Georgia or Alabama you

prob don’t care about a fugitive slave law but the states that were very close to the free states remember that Frederick Douglass was a slave in Maryland and ran off okay these you know these slaves once they got into free territory you know they tended to be okay because the laws were not you know we’re not being enforced by these states now the original Fugitive Slave Law put it in the hands of the states to recover these slaves now you know the northern states a lot of them we’re deciding that we don’t want to do this so you know these southern states you know a lot of them said well you know maybe the federal government needs to take this over and so as far as that goes the stronger Fugitive Slave Law puts it in the hands of the federal government then what are we going to do about slavery in these Mexican Cession territories well you’ve got popular sovereignty which was a doctrine I’ve come up with by Lewis Cass and more notably Stephen Douglas becomes associated with this doctrine of popular sovereignty to let settlers decide what is going to be the status of slavery in the Mexican Cession and so then Texas now you know we saw how Texas came into the Union it went all the way to Santa Fe so how does the federal government get States to do stuff it offers them money okay same thing as far as you know why is the drinking age 18 I mean 21 in every state when it used to be 18 in a lot of states well the federal government says well if your drinking age is under 21 you’re gonna surrender some of your highway funds and so the federal government has a long history of giving you know money to the states in order for getting the states to do what it wants and so Texas ceded lands in return for 10 million dollars from the federal government to pay more debt and so now Texas it’s smaller Texas and if you think about this somebody who didn’t want to have slavery in this Mexican Cession well they may not want to vote for this for this popular sovereignty but you know what if the slave states going to give up some land maybe I can support for this package and then while they’re added it’s kind of like when you’re having an argument with a friend and you think like you know what while we’ve got all this out there let’s put everything out there and so finally you know you’ve got this issue of slavery in Washington DC and the compromise they come up with there because southern congressmen they would bring their their body men okay the person who you know get some dress in the morning does their laundry make sure they have the paper you know and all of these things they do for them so what they do here is the southern congressmen can still bring their slaves into Washington DC but there will be no more slave trade which would this was especially embarrassing to people who were not paying slavery because foreign diplomats would come to Washington DC and they see all of these slaves being

traded so this was a way to compromise on that particular issue and so as far as the compromise of 1850 for the north you’re admitting California as a free state for the south a stronger Fugitive Slave Law now if you’re trying to make a three on the exam knowing this may be enough okay but I think for those do you’re trying to make a five which if you’re watching us on a Friday night that maybe you the New Mexico Territory popular sovereignty in the Mexican Cession in return for that the federal government assumes the Texas debt and Texas seeds the western lands to the New Mexico Territory and finally in Washington DC they’re abolishing the slave trade so the compromise of 1850 is something that is very important to remember now this is what it looks like before there’s big Texas and there’s the Mexican Cession and then this is what it looks like afterwards where they create these New Mexico and Utah territories now as far as that goes of course clay was for the compromise of 1850 Daniel Webster you know who is from Massachusetts you know if we want to think about point of view ladies and gentlemen Daniel Webster a retiring senator from Massachusetts almost dying all three of these guys you can tell they’re all in the verge of death but Daniel Webster stood up and he said I’m not here to speak as a Massachusetts man or a northern man I want to speak as an American and Daniel Webster a lawyer now somebody who was not friendly to slavery Webster in fact in Mahane Webster debates had talked about how you know Ohio’s economy from the way he saw it was doing better than Kentucky that the free states are actually doing better than the slave states as far as he saw in the 1830s but Daniel Webster from Massachusetts said that when it came to the Fugitive Slave issue that the south was right the North was wrong the way that he saw this the Constitution is a legal agreement and if it’s going to work that everybody’s got to fulfill their obligations now this is the point of view of that 1812 generation this nationalistic generation remember when Calhoun and clay were much younger and they were war hawks together now john c calhoun said you know what this compromise he says this is not the first compromise the south has ever made it won’t be the last he said the south and they compromise here they’ll be called upon to compromise and compromise and compromise and he said if this thing goes through I see us having a war – or a separation of the objections within about 10 years okay Wow okay I mean Calhoun say a lot of things about Calhoun you know there are a lot of things we could say about him but the guy wasn’t stupid I think it’s like almost like the guys having a prophetic utterance right before he dies but Calhoun did oppose it and you know he was trying to rally went

you know where as he was dying he was trying to rally the south to put up this kind of last stand which I guess they lied you know doing away a little bit later and so remember the role of Stephen Douglas Henry Clay was the guy that kind of put his name on this thing but Stephen Douglas really did all the work because they couldn’t get a big bill passed they had to pass separate bills to get this compromise passed so they’ve averted the crisis you can relax now but at the same time not quite okay because this is going to this could be a rough decade in 1850 you’re compromising in 1860 you’re gonna be shooting at each other all right so ladies and gentlemen with in mind remember I the website and so does the Bill of Rights Institute all right so ladies and gentlemen so as far as that goes you know if you’ve got questions or anything like that yes rachel is noting that we’ve got a Q&A session yeah I mean a Q&A section and I will be going into I would presume that y’all want to get into that timeline of events leading to the Civil War is that is that the case all right so let me just kind of make sure there that we don’t have any questions about what’s already happened and I’m gonna go ahead and open up the next presentation all right right like the movie okay I hope that’s so that’s not oh my goodness let’s keep it I let’s keep it g-rated people this is an academic environment all right so as far as that goes ladies and gentlemen I’ve got this opened up here and it looks like here we can just go ahead all right so kansas-nebraska okay all right Raj I will be I will be getting on this so it sounds like what about bleeding campus Raj and Rachel let’s go ahead then and push on in the 1850s and Bleeding Kansas now we may not get you know like I said we’re not going to get everything done but we’re going to get done the things they’re important y’all so if y’all want me to go ahead and take on that I will go ahead and do that so let’s go ahead and get into the road to Civil War and going over these things that are you know so important to you know these main events that are leading to the Civil War and I’m going to go through this rather quickly I’ve got a similar lecture on my youtube channel if you want something where I’m going a little more slowly and leisurely we are kind of in review mode so as far as the roads of civil war going from 1850 to 1860 alright so the compromise of 1850 all right we’ve got that now I need to I need to fix this sorry about that there’s something with the font that for some reason sometimes does puts the quotation marks there and I need to see what happened all right so Uncle Tom’s Cabin is published okay in 1852 Uncle Tom’s Cabin let’s see that’s bothering me okay there we go for right now we’ll just we’ll just let that be there alright so Uncle Tom’s Cabin is published in 1852 then the kansas-nebraska act and then the Brooks

Sumner incident in 1856 so we’ve been over the compromise of 1850 we know what’s all in there and so we see here that the crisis is not quite a burden now Henry Clay thought this is going to be the final compromise between the sections and meanwhile it was but just for different reasons and clay and intended and so what you’re going to see here is first of all now remember the stronger Fugitive Slave Law this is very key this was the most controversial part of the compromise of 1850 because a lot of northerners objected to this you know on the basis of it created a bench trial so if somebody was if somebody you know was put on trial for being a slave they got a bit straw when the Constitution guarantees a jury trial so what’s going on here and so what happened here is that northern states such as Wisconsin and some others they passed these personal liberty laws now the personal liberty walls were passed by the states in order to guarantee jury trials for a few slaves now again here’s that you know last night we were talking about the states rights mold that comes up and you’re just trying to you know trying to whack it there’s that there’s that states rights mold again okay so it just comes up and because really what are we talking about here now this isn’t like South Carolina where it’s like we’re nullifying the fugitive slave well but this is what is called the facto nullification not nola fication de jure or de jure I forget I’m not a lawyer okay but no not NOLA fication by law but nullification in fact okay so what it does here is it nullifies the provision of federal law without formally nullifying it so we see that Wisconsin is asserting their right to protect people in their states by the guarantees the Constitution when the federal government is violating those now then there’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin which was published in 1852 now this is Harriet Beecher Stowe who wrote this book and you know Abraham Lincoln that’s old or something like you know and he met her that here’s the little wall there’s the little woman who started this more all right and so as far as that goes Uncle Tom’s Cabin now never underestimate the power of fiction okay that book’s calls us to rethink you know the Twilight series before that kind of stuff came out before you had Twilight and Vampire Diaries like when I was growing up people thought like vampires they felt like Dracula if you see a vampire run not that it’ll help you vampires are fast but the thing is now you know and somebody sees a vampire it’s like is that one of the good vampires you know oh he’s so cute like maybe he’s one of the vegetarians or something maybe he just eats animals and it’s like you know book calls us to rethink okay it’s like I don’t want my daughter anywhere near a vampire but because these books like you know people think like vampires are okay and it changes your mind and Uncle Tom’s Cabin is a lot like that it’s changing

people’s views about slavery now Uncle Tom is you know you see here the personification of subservience okay so Uncle Tom is there and notice his stooped posture you know that he is very very submissive and you know which if any of you seen that movie Django Unchained you know Samuel Jackson’s character is modeled after you can see where you know he looks just like this this Uncle Tom and this is this is survived as an insult in some circles you know somebody is being subservient somebody is forgetting who they are so to speak not a very nice thing to say about someone but it’s said nonetheless now the 1852 presidential election whoa bye-bye Whig party all right they did not do very well in that they did okay I guess in the popular vote but as far as the electoral vote they got crushed a couple of New England states and then Tennessee and Kentucky well that’s going to be the last elections the Whigs compete in Franklin Pierce is elected which you know I tell you what the guy had some great hair they called him handsome Frank with his nickname I’m not sure where my handsome frank bobble head is the New Hampshire Historical Society was so proud they’re only president from New Hampshire that you know they’ve got a bobble net I need to figure out where I have it but Franklin Pierce the 14 Fred’s in the United States from 1853 to 57 now Franklin Pierce is what you would call a dough face these were northern politicians with southern agenda so you know the eight of the first twelve presidents of the United States were from the south and so it’s not politically viable anymore at this point so run somebody from the south but if the Democrats can run a northerner he’s friendly to southern interests then they can get the same thing done and so as far as this goes remember that the Free Soilers they want to keep slavery out of the western territories now the southerners the southern politicians here are wanting to expand slavery into the western territories now when you look at a map of the United States what you’re thinking about when you take a look at that is that you know the South China Seas that at some point if we go back here it’s like if you fill all of this with Free State then eventually the South could get in a position where the free states could amend the Constitution or something like that and so there’s a lot of paranoia that develops here you know on the part of southerners about the future of slavery and then the Free Soilers there’s paranoia that you know this is going to become a nationwide kind of thing and here is again remember that visual sources we want to look at we want to look at details and such now the objective of the Free Soilers as I typically put it is a white West now when you look here that here is force forcing slavery down the throat of a

free soiler now this man here is this farmer who is being depicted here and there are these Democratic politicians that are you know holding him down now notice here this is the Democratic platform okay so now a platform is the collection of issues by which a party you know rut that a party runs on so you know today Republicans are the Republican platform is you know tough on immigration lower taxes and you know pro-life whereas the Democratic platform is pro-choice you know that some people need to pay higher taxes if they’re in the upper tax bracket and that immigrants need to be welcomed and there doesn’t need to be a border wall so you know each of those parties has a platform so what we see here Kansas spread slavery to Kansas then to Cuba and Central America there were things some of you trying to make a five may be familiar with Ostend manifesto where you know they want to bring Cuba possibly into the United States in order to have another slave state now this guy here murder help neighbors help oh my poor wife and children you know and this guy’s a victim because this Democratic politician is trying to shove a black man down his throat I presumed that this is Stephen Douglas I would be my presumption here so that is a free soil cartoon and it is the white farmer who is the victim not the black slave okay so important to know that distinction now the kansas-nebraska Act y’all were talking about this this was passed in 1854 and this basically made popular sovereignty which had been applied without a lot of controversy out in the West because I mean it’s just a big old desert but they thought you know what let’s let’s try it out here now notice that Kansas and Nebraska are in the Missouri caught in the Missouri what used to be covered by the Missouri Compromise and the Louisiana Purchase and so now the settlers in Kansas and Nebraska territories to decide the status of slavery even though these territories are north of 3630 and so now it is kind of a free-for-all out here and this is going to add as I was talking about that this chaos that is leading to the Civil War and you know we like to simplify the Civil War at least in pop culture you know they like to simplify it so make the Civil War as simple as possible and you know there’s a lot of a lot of stuff going on a lot of nuance you know of course the central issue here you know does appear to be slavery but in its typically about these you know these deals that have been made now have been broken and nobody really can count on anything and so now people are going to try to get as much as they can there so the Missouri Compromise is basically you know superseded by this legislation and

Senator Stephen Douglas okay Douglas the author of the kansas-nebraska Act was a northern Democrat from Illinois with presidential aspirations it’s kind of like today a Republican is not going to win the presidency if they can’t win in the south now at that time the south was the stronghold of the Democratic Party and so if Stephen Douglas wants to be President then he has to be popular in the south and so Bleeding Kansas this is what starts over here as far as you know when all of these people start rushing in so on one hand you’ve got these border ruffians these pro-slavery settlers from Missouri and then you have anti-slavery settlers from New England and other places but it’s out here in New England which is the hottest bet of abolitionism where you know you see that they are raising money for these people to go settle out in Kansas and so between 1855 and 1859 56 people are killed in Kansas now Beecher’s bible’s this is a an interesting little thing here that there was Henry Ward Beecher now Beecher was a preacher okay Beecher was a preacher I get it all right so as far as this goes Beecher believed that the sharps rifle was a truly moral agency and that there was more power in one of those instruments so far as the slaveholders of Kansas were concerned than in a hundred Bibles you might just as well read the Bible to Buffalo’s as to pro-slavery settlers but they have a supreme respect for the logic that is embodied in sharps rifle and so the sack of Lawrence in Kansas now this is the type thing that would happen mr. beat was just in Lawrence Lawrence Kansas mr. beat social studies Channel and he was recording something out there I can’t wait to see what his what he’s come up with and so the anti-slavery settlement of Lawrence was sacked by pro-slavery settlers now John Brown a radical abolitionist and let’s let’s be careful how we past abolitionists because there were some abolitionists like William Lloyd Garrison you know a great many of abolitionists were pacifists and nonviolent John Brown did not fit into this category what John Brown the sons did is they search for you know they said okay we’re gonna retaliate for the sack of Lawrence but we’re not necessarily going to go after the same people who did it we will just find some pro-slavery settlers and we’ll kill them so they go to this homestead and they you know they tell all the men to come out of the house and you know they spare the youngest boy because the please the mother and the boy was very very young and but then the rest of you know that man and his sons are you know are executed brutally like not just shot but they had a broadsword and they just hacked this one guy to death and I mean it’s it was a pretty gruesome massacre here but John Brown believed that he was outside doing the Lord’s work and this

is a very interesting little painting here now this brings us to the New Deal okay so this guy he was hired by you know by the government in order to create a mural for the Kansas State House and so what he did here is you know just created this mural with John Brown in the middle and you’ve got the civil war going on fires tornadoes the Pioneers passing through because he wants to stay here you’ve got these soldiers here you know John Brown I always say he’s got a Bible in one hand and a Bible in the other hands okay just a Beacher’s Bible in the other hand and so as far as as far as that goes on you know that’s you know I don’t think they were too glad to see it it’d almost be like if somebody said we need something for the South Carolina legislature and somebody made a mural on a slavery or something like that you know the things that the states probably not all that proud of and so as far as that goes that’s that’s what’s going on in Kansas and so you’ve got on top of everything else the chaos of conflicting constitutions on the Topeka Constitution was an anti-slavery Constitution whereas the Compton Constitution was pro-slavery and so these two constitutions are submitted now the Senate prefers the couple of Compton Constitution and the house prefers the Topeka Constitution and it wasn’t until the Civil War started after secession that the Topeka Constitution is the one that’s accepted by everyone all right and let’s just take a quick moment ladies and gentlemen on to remember our dear friend Harambee and while we do that we want to remember not only did ROM Bay die but the Kansas issue really is the end of the Democratic I mean not the Democratic Party but the Whig party okay so after the Whig party lost in 1852 the Kansas Nebraska Act was really the last nail in the coffin here so as far as that you got the demise the Whig party and this you know causes the rise of the Republican Party founded in 1854 which was a sectional party all right now its platform was free soil it was not an abolitionist party although it would have had abolitionists in it kind of like you know today if somebody identifies as Tea Party you know they you know are probably Republican but not every Republican identifies with the Tea Party you know it’s a faction within the Republican Party and so we go now to the Brooks Sumner incident okay now Senator Charles Sumner now this is this third generation of Americans it’s really coming around and that Charles Sumner actually has the same you know seat as Daniel Webster and Daniel Webster in 1850 it said you know what we need to all I’m not a big fan of slavery but we all need to live together Daniel Webster said that the abolitionist he said they

were well-meaning they were good people but according to Webster they were making things worse okay because always tell folks I said last night when you tell a southerner they’re wrong about something they just became more right even if they were by kind of thinking about you know what this is probably kind of wrong once somebody tells them they’re wrong that’s that’s over which I think that applies to body to some extent but especially southerners so what happened is Charles Sumner he gives this speech the crime against Kansas now I tell people that you know and of course I’m from South so it’s a little bit different perhaps I’m but as far as that goes let me make sure I’ve got a call coming in it looks like but yeah but hopefully y’all can still hear me let me just make sure that’s not causing a problem I’m and let’s see here all right yes thank you buddy thank you buddy all righty all right whoa Kenzi come on now let’s be respectful here all right so as far as as far as this goes ladies and gentlemen that the Brooks Sumner incident I say that there are two types of people there Oh’s video going or you can still see me all right okay so you can still see can y’all still see me okay I’ll put the I’ll put the slides back up okay but the thing is now keep in mind I’m from South Carolina I may have a little point of view bias or something like that but I always say that there are two types of people there are people who have read the speech and people who have it okay Brooke some your incidents like you seem like a god just came in there and just be too got up with a cane there’s a little bit there’s a little bit more than that okay so let me bring the slides up here okay and so as far as what’s going on here this is a very polarizing incident but Charles Sumner he gives this speech and he compares Andrew Butler South Carolina senator from South Carolina and Don Quixote which in that story the knight who’s chasing windmills doing all kinds of crazy stuff and so you know then he says that Stephen Douglas from Illinois is Sancho Panza which is kind of making a play on Steven Douglass’s you know height and weight because Sancho pawns is a short fat guy and so he’s like basically Steven Douglas is just tagging along with Andrew Butler Andrew Butler was not in the Senate chamber I think he was ill but he wasn’t in the Senate chamber and that was a big faux pas because you’re not supposed to speak about people in the Senate who are not there and so basically this upstart which you know if you think about today like somebody like you know senator Ted Cruz like a first-term senator who has ended up commanding a great deal of attention and known for antics that tend to kind of kick off other people that are in the Senate with him and so Charles Sumner gives this speech and really it’s a phone whipping this is a type of speech that is delivered against a political actor so it’s all kinds of like ad hominem attack

and you know he said here that basically that you know Andrew Butler is the Don Quixote of slavery and then you know Stephen Douglas is the Sancho panz of slavery and he says here the senator from South Carolina has read many books on chivalry and believes himself a chivalrous Knight with sentiments of honor and courage of course he has chosen a mistress to whom he had made his vows and who though ugly to others it’s always lovely to him though polluted in the sight of the world is chaste in his sight I mean the harlot slavery were the whole history of South Carolina blotted out of existence from its very beginning civilization might lose I do not say how little but surely less than it has already gained by the example of Kansas aa third I tell the senator the Kansas welcomed as a free state will be a ministering angel to the Republic when South Carolina in the cloak of darkness which she hugs lies like now he not only gives this speech but he publishes it he had it printed and circulates thousands of copies and so as far as chivalry remember that you know the chivalrous man who’s like you know buying everything and doing all these nice things I’ve you know it’s uh you know there’s there’s more to that okay that this man’s showing our courtesy courteous he is but he is also showing his dominance and if anybody tries to you know say anything wrong about his lady it’s on and so basically Preston Brooks you know is wondering should I challenge this guy to a duel and his buddy says no don’t do all this guy this guy’s not a gentleman don’t you only do old gentlemen this guy’s conducted himself more like a dog and when a dog is not behaving you beat it and so as far as that you know which this means gotten a little old but you know at the time when I did this it was kind of fresh and so basically Preston Brooks just goes into the Senate and just beats the mess out of it now when you look at this visual source one thing we can notice here is how you know there is Charles Sumner with a pen he looks very submissive there are people here who are you know kind of laughing now this guy looks shocked another guy laughing another guy shocked look at how Preston Brooks his face is not showing so you can tell that this is somebody from the north who is not sympathetic you know all he did was write a speech and now he’s getting the tar beat out of him now as far as that goes Preston Brooks you know he said look that when this when the House censured him because he was he was a representative and he said that like look this guy you know insulted my state insulted my friend and my blood and he says whatever insults my state insults

me and then he you know he said he’s not a member of the House and he resigns now he got reelected after that but then he died so that’s the end of that but this was a very very polarizing kind of thing here that Preston Brooks is vilified here you know it’s somebody who is you know somebody who’s an animal and he becomes this personification here now the thing is that in the South there were all kinds of people that sent him like aims and stuff and one of them said hit him again and so as far as that goes now John Brown it’s kind of like you know John Brown was a hero to some people in the north and you know then people from the south just imagined everybody is John Brown and so as far as that goes that Franklin Pierce was not read on dated allegedly he said there’s nothing left to do but get drunk we don’t know if he actually said that or not but it’s kind of what he ends up ended up doing for the rest of his life now remember the nativism during the 1850s okay so the nativism during the 1850s where you know you’ve got these caricatures of the Irish and the German drunk running off of the ballot box now also remember that the Irish were the first like substantial wave of Catholic emigration notice Native Americans this is not being used to refer to American Indians these are white Protestants who are native born here beware of that foreign influence which it’s interesting they’re using those Russian letters when you look at the current events going on today now the American party otherwise known as the know-nothings which I hope that none of you are four members of the know-nothing party in a week okay because you know of course you’re watching these webinars so you should be remembering some things and this is nativist okay so we talked about nativism this is you know this party that mobilized to get immigrants and Catholics now they were called know-nothings because when they were asked about their platform they would say I know nothing but my country my whole country and nothing but my country all right so that’s what they would say that basically that I am you know I’m you know I love my country that’s all I know and so in 1856 the Republicans and the know-nothings are trying to replace the Whigs the Republicans have a pretty strong showing but it’s still not enough to get them you know into the White House all right and so as far as that goes we see here now the Civil War wasn’t a surprise to anybody there is Millard Fillmore on the Union Rock there you know and it’s what noticing they see that it’s flooding now the Republicans are stuck in the abolition bog okay so the thing is their candidate in 1856 was too radical they see them as being influenced by Henry Ward Beecher and the abolitionists and then there’s James Buchanan who gets to go into the White House even though if you can and only got forty five percent of the popular vote it’s really kind of the reverse of what’s gonna happen in 1860 now so James Buchanan goes in there you know the only

bachelor to occupy the White House that won’t be on the exam but what will be on the exam it’s the Dred Scott decision now the Dred Scott decision the facts of the case here’s Dred Scott he was a slave with his master in Illinois and the Wisconsin territory for four years and he said he sued for his freedom he said that made him a free man because he’d been in a free state he lived in free territory well the Supreme Court which by this time was dominated by five you know judges appointed you know from the south then the decision here was first of all Dred Scott why are you here because people of African descent including Scott could not be US citizens and then Congress can’t forbid slavery in federal territories and therefore already defunct Missouri Compromise is unconstitutional okay sorry about this thing here you know what let me pull up my other version I’m here and that is my portable version and I don’t think that’s gonna have any of those things there there we go there we go all right very very good sorry about that I hope you forgive me everybody for showing you that that error on that all right so Congress can’t prevent now also not only can people of African descent not be US citizens which of course has never found anywhere in the Constitution but Congress can’t forbid slavery in federal territories so ergo the already defunct Missouri Compromise is unconstitutional now judicial activism you know you’ll want to note this for life and when you you know when you get out you know when you take AP government that judicial activism is when judges basically write laws when you look at Dred Scott you’ve got an example here judicial activism because it says nowhere in the Constitution that citizenship is in any way tied to a person’s race but the Supreme Court just went out and decided that you know you just black people can’t be citizens and this is the branch that is unelected the branch that is farthest away from the people and so a lot of people are very concerned about this very activist decision by the Supreme Court that really had no basis in the Constitution and so what happens here is northerners are afraid of a slave power conspiracy because what’s happened here is Dred Scott effectively opened up the entire West to slavery now will the entire west end up being slave territory and States no but there’s certainly a great deal of paranoia which you know is what’s happening that is the backdrop the context of the lincoln-douglas debate is the Dred Scott decision and so Lincoln makes this a big deal in his campaign basically Stephen Douglas is campaigning for popular sovereignty and Abraham Lincoln the Republican is campaigning as a free soiler now Douglass won the Senate election now wink drive election woman for oh good night I need to i need fix that he lost the senate election but it basically made him unelectable in the south okay

so he’s not going to you know he’s not going to win in the south okay so that’s going to be a big deal for Stephen Douglas because you know without having the south on your side then you’re not going to be elected to Democrats so he won the battle but Lincoln’s the one who’s actually going to become president and note how some of these Lincoln Douglas debate memorials Lincoln is sitting so that he doesn’t sour over Stephen Douglas alright so as far as this goes the house divided speech was a speech that Lincoln gave when he got the Republican nomination now notice that the two biggest words here are slavery and decision so what he’s saying here is that the Dred Scott decision is you know it’s going to the Dred Scott decision what can happen here a house divided against itself cannot stand Lincoln said he said that either the United States is gonna be all slave or it’s gonna be all free all right now what are you doing here his purpose is to drum up you know support for the Republican Party but Lincoln’s saying slavery could come here because if the Supreme Court can say that you can’t ban slavery in territory what’s he stopped the Supreme Court from saying you can’t ban slavery in the States and so Lincoln now while it’s probably it probably wasn’t likely the Supreme Court would have made that decision Lincoln is using this you know in order to talk to this audience in Illinois where you know a black person could not legally intervention say and look if you don’t support the Republican Party then slavery is going to go everywhere okay now does that make Lincoln an abolitionist no Lincoln believed that you know slavery if it was on its way out it was going to take a long time but the house divided speech you know really you know set the tone here and also you know cast Lincoln in southern eyes is somebody who was a little more radical than he probably actually was now in 1859 here’s John Brown again so John Brown goes and seizes the federal Arsenal in Harpers Ferry Virginia with the intent of farming slaves for rebellion now that’s free you’ve seen the federal Arsenal you want to start a rebellion that’s treason and so he’s tried convicted executed about federal government and so another thing here kind of like Preston Brooks was seen as a hero in the south but was vilified in the north John Brown now not that everybody in the south saw Preston Brooks as a hero or that everybody in the north saw John Brown as you know a hero but there were enough people that saw these things that you know the other side they could look at this paranoia so the northerners they’re thinking in terms of the slave power conspiracy yet the South wants to spread slavery throughout the nation and the North wants to destroy slavery by igniting slave revolts so basically for southern eyes every northerner is you know is John Brown to northerners every southerner is Preston Brooks and this is

the kind of paranoia that’s around there for the 1860 presidential election now note here that we’ve got four different parties running here because the Democratic Party decided to have their convention in Charleston South Carolina they nominated Stephen Douglas which prompted all of the southern delegations to walk out that they said we will not support Stephen Douglas he is not enough but doughface for us we heard the stuff he said during the lincoln-douglas debates and so the northern Democrats continue to run Douglas um who got 29 percent of the vote all told and then uh you know you’ve got let’s see so you’ve got 29 percent of the vote there and then you’ve got the southern Democratic candidate Breckinridge who got the support of you know most of the slave states though not all and then you’ve got this constitutional Union Party can’t we all just get along and notice these states that are you know kind of on the border lines between you know North and South that Virginia in Tennessee will become Confederate states of course then West Virginia will break off there and join the Union and then Kentucky will stay in the Union so these are people here you know in the upper south who were hoping for some kind of compromise which isn’t going to end up happening that the culture of compromise is dead and it’s over now again you notice like went with elections whether it’s 1856 or 1860 or 1912 with the bull moose party that the 1860 presidential election lincoln only got 40% of the vote but he got the lion’s share of the electoral votes because he cleaned up the free states every single Free State now New Jersey you can see a few votes went to the Democrats but New Jersey still actually had slaves in the state in 1860 so although New Jersey typically shows up as a free state on your map you know they had they had slaves in that state Phil then not many but there were still some there so besides the three electoral votes from New Jersey that we see that when the free states all vote for the same candidate they win the election and so the south they see that like whoa like this has never happened before you know eight of the first twelve presidents were from the south and then the ones that worked you know were our buddy and so now you see that Lincoln comes in there and it’s like look the whole spread of slavery thing is done and then of course there’s the paranoia that you know Lincoln somebody that is going to you know try to free all the slaves and bring about racial equality and all of these things that you know when you read Lincoln’s pronouncements early in his presidency he had your really little to no intention of doing so with that as a result of Abraham Lincoln being elected as the first Republican president the deep south seceded and formed the

Confederate States of America the first seven of these states on to secede and then of course later on you’ve got four more that the secede and then the civil war starts we’re not gonna wait for that whole graphic to play out I’ve got a website now ladies and gentlemen wow that was that was quite a quite a run but hopefully like I said I would rather you know not cover you know everything and actually cover some topics and hit those you know hit those topics well so hopefully that’s hopefully that’s working for us all right so as far as that ladies and gentlemen how is the Republican Party formed it’s part of this fallout the second two-party system remember after 1852 after 1852 the second two-party system kind of fell apart with the kansas-nebraska Act because the northern Whigs and the southern Whigs all right they are you know they have different views when it comes to slavery and so as far as that okay well thank you Rachel yeah I would be more than happy to go a few minutes more all right so as far as that goes that the northern Whigs in the southern Whigs could not agree on slavery and so then that party fell apart and then the Republican Party was formed by northerners in order to appeal to the Whigs and specifically have this Free Soil platform now that they’re not you know not now that they’re not around I you know now that they don’t have to worry about the southern wing and then the know-nothings are also you know they’re trying to replace the Whig Party and so the Republican Party basically ends up out competing the know-nothings you know by 1860 the know-nothings have faded out and the Republican Party now note that with Lincoln they moderated okay so it’s like Lincoln part of the reason the Republicans even though Lincoln well no no no free soil is a position okay now there were there was a Free Soil party for a bit there was a Free Soil party for a bit but don’t don’t let that confuse you okay so as far as that goes it was the Democrats in the Whigs and when the Whig party cease to exist in the 1850s the Republican Party and the know-nothings competed to become the successor party and the Nona I mean the Republicans eventually won that and so you see that now the other thing is remember that Lincoln was more moderate than the 1856 nominee and so Lincoln was able to project this Free Soil image and you know project somebody that wasn’t a complete like radical but that didn’t necessarily help you know help on the south you know in the south where he wasn’t even on the ballot in most cases what brought down the Whig Party Raj tell me you tell me come on we said many things here all right so as far as that goes what you know what brought down the Whig party that was the kansas-nebraska Act basically the lost in 1852 and the

kansas-nebraska Act all right now I may consider on you know integrating some civil war and reconstruction I might do a little bit of reorganizing we’ll see but as far as you know as far as the oh you’re just testing me Thank You Raj now the New York City draft riots one thing that I’ve seen a good you know that I saw in the concept outlines I’m going over that is that you know there was considerable opposition to the war you know and I mean really on both sides but you know in the north you saw this manifested now remember that the South was very rural and so it’s it’s more difficult organized opposition but like in New York City you know a very large city there you know basically you’ve got these recent Irish immigrants they’re in New York City and they don’t want to fight a war free slaves they don’t want to fight they don’t care about the Union you know so as far as any about to us up there oh I don’t have let’s see so I have not oh okay all right I did not have the Q&A box open okay so as far as that stuff goes there all right on the Freeport doctrine okay the Freeport doctrine this is like basically in the lincoln-douglas debates and you don’t necessarily know that like basically what you would need to know for the exam is that Stephen Douglas said some things that you know alienated the south now the Freeport doctrine this was you know when steeped basically Lincoln’s Lincoln talked I’ve you know got Douglass into a corner that Lincoln figured you know what I’m going to get him to say something that if he doesn’t alienate people in Illinois he’s gonna alienate the South okay and so as far as that goes and I’m to make sure that I’m not telling you the wrong the wrong thing okay yeah so basically that was where Stephen Douglas said you know what if a territory wanted to exclude slavery in violation a Dred Scott than they can and so that was like you know the South’s like what did you say about Dred Scott you know because that was the litmus test that basically the the southern elites were not going to support a candidate as the Democratic nominee who said that Dred Scott wasn’t sacrosanct okay that Dred Scott that was a big victory for this you know the kansas-nebraska act and Dred Scott we’re both big victories for the south and the faction that wanted to spread slavery all right and so you know as far as that goes the change in political parties their beliefs their supporter base now after the Civil War we’ll get to that later that’s a little bit that’s going to be a little bit you know later on that okay we answered the John Brown thing is it important in those specific battles in the Civil War now Christine and and I may consider you know because

I just this topic is something that’s a high-demand topic so what we’ll see what we can do next week but as far as battles and this is battles in any war like Saratoga for example in the Revolutionary War we don’t need to necessarily know the like battlefield tactics used at the Battle of Saratoga but we would need to know that because the Battle of Saratoga the French pledged support okay to the revolution and so basically the Battle of Antietam this was something that was the bloodiest single-day it was the first time that robert e lee had taken the field and been like not victorious okay and basically since Lee had been fought to a draw and went back into the Confederacy then Lincoln yet this is what Lincoln used to issue the preliminary Emancipation Proclamation which basically gave the south a warning that in a hundred days I’m going to make this more about slavery and so you know which had not been about slavery up to that time and so then you think about like getting burg and Vicksburg alright so Gettysburg and Vicksburg together on those form the turning points of the American Civil War and it’s not that you know not that you need to know what’s going on in those battles but understanding that those twin Union victories in the same week that that was really this was really the first time we’re you know seeing that like perhaps you know perhaps the north can win this thing because when Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation it looked like the you know it looked like the south you know might might be wedding okay so yes so we’ve got the times up here and so thank you very much and I’m going to turn this back over to the Bill of Rights Institute which is going to remind us about all the great resources that they’ve got for us so thank you all and we will be back on Monday broadcasting Monday night through Thursday night 6:30 p.m. Eastern all right I’ll turn it over to it’s a Rachel well thank you so much everyone who’s joined us tonight we had a great session there are lots of questions but unfortunately couldn’t get answered but we’ll be here all next week and we hope that you’ll be able to find all the resources you need on our webinar or on our website so if you go to Bill of Rights Institute and you click up here on engage you’ll be able to see the AP prep webinars link that’s this page where every day we are uploading the session and the notes for the session I want to thank Caroline she noticed that session three needs its notes uploaded so please let us know if you have any questions we look forward to seeing you next week and study us this weekend last weekend before the test thank you all very much you

you you