AP U.S. History Prep Episode #4 | The Jeffersonian Republic (1800-1824)

0:00 hey there students Thom Richie and I tell you what I just got my new mask today and I’m really proud of it but I just wanted to show it to y’all and at some point I would after like talk and drink tea and all of that kind of stuff but love my new baby Yoda mask it took a little while to get here I didn’t realize when I ordered it I was coming all the way from China so us they’re just really glad to have that but you know we’ve got a nice social distance for each other so let’s go ahead and get to it now this is our fourth eighth push prep webinar now we are going to take the weekend off now by the weekend I mean just Friday and Saturday nights okay so we will take Friday and Saturday off and then we will be back on Sunday night and we’ll be going Sunday to Thursday okay so just keep in mind we’re gonna take Friday and Saturday off then Sunday we are back every night until the exam okay so so this one will close out the week we’ll take a couple days off and then we will be right back so our focus area this evening is going to be on the time period that I call the Jeffersonian republic this is that period from 1802 1824 so we’re gonna go through the election a Jeff from the election of Jefferson unto the through the era of good feeling okay so as far as that goes any specific questions you have make a note of that now we see that my friends at the Bill of Rights Institute will share a link to the

1:30 Google document that I’m working on okay so we’re getting a bit of lag here my apologies for for that let’s let’s see here internet speed is okay it looks like it’s improving a little bit but let me just run in and make sure that you know all unnecessary all unnecessary tabs are being closed and all of that kind of stuff how are we doing now okay actually it looks like we might be okay let’s see how we’re how we’re doing here all right so what do you also Jefferson okay so let’s go ahead we can start a little bit out of time period hopefully the quality of the broadcast is you know is improving I’m sorry about that sometimes the Internet can be variable we’re doing this online teaching so y’all just keep us updated about the about the broadcast quality and let me just tune in actually okay it looks like everything’s everything’s working so you know it may just not be with the clarity that we’re used to most of the time but my apologies to that or the or Northland cable or whoever is uh providing the Internet right okay so the 1796 election well Jefferson lost the 1796 election because he got less electoral votes than John Adams okay so what we want to understand is that the 1796 election I hate Sean Patrick good

3:00 to see you here on the 1796 election is the first still very low case of the first contested election in the history of the United States in terms of um in terms of having the you know the Federalists and the Republicans so John Adams got more electoral votes than Thomas Jefferson and so what we’ll notice what we want to think about is 1796 and 1800 were both on you know so 1796 presidential election these were both very close elections okay these are both very close elections and you know let’s see kind of what changed here okay so let’s see what changed from 1796 to 1800 all right so let’s go ahead and share our screen here and let’s see so I share the screen and let’s take a little look here I mean the thing is let’s think about also why he won the 1800 presidential election okay so when we look at this we’ve got John Adams and Thomas Jefferson now the big thing here is New York okay so when we look at New York we see that New York and New England New Jersey Delaware and Maryland so all of these states though the more the more north and the more east you go the more Federalists you are the more the further south and the further west

4:31 you’re going to see more Republicans okay so you know the further north and the further east more Federalists the further south the further the rest more Republican now I think that this also you know gets us thinking in terms of you know why the Louisiana Purchase okay so when we think about that that why the Louisiana Purchase what we want to think about is that certainly Jefferson benefited politically from the Louisiana Purchase so with that we’ll go ahead and let’s see so we’re gonna go ahead and look at the 1800 election and going from there let’s see so we’ll go over to 1800 and you see that the difference here okay the difference here is going to be New York I mean basically Jeff you know with a few exceptions here now you see the Federalists got some electors in Pennsylvania this is a time when a lot of states still divided their presidential electors by the composition of the legislature now remember only 48 states give winner-take-all the day that Nebraska and Nebraska and Maine both have a system for dividing electoral votes but you can see here the biggest decisive factor here is the state of New York Aaron Burr brings the state of New York into into play here now as far as that in 1796 was Byrd Jefferson’s running mate let me just no yes Ober with Jack was Jefferson’s running mate

6:01 both times um but in 1800 Aaron Burr is able to flip New York for Jefferson or was it for Jefferson because remember in 1800 you had this this election that ended in a tie that went to the House of Representatives all right so that’s something that you know you want to note as well that Aaron Burr you know ends up not yielding the presidency to Thomas Jefferson because at that time basically the original Constitution did not anticipate party system and so what happened here is that Aaron Burr um who you know was on the ticket with Jefferson all of the Jeffersonians they went in and they voted for Jefferson and burr whereas the Federalists all of them voted for all of them voted for Adams okay so what we see here is you see there Jefferson and burr both getting the same amount of votes that Adams what happened here was Pinckney was Adams intended running mate and so all of the Federalist electors voted for John Adams and then one of them voted for on Charles II Pinckney and then one voted for John Jay remember the Federalist Papers James Madison Alexander Hamilton and John Jay and so with that we see that the Federalists went in and they said okay we need to make sure that our presidential candidate has one more vote the Jeffersonians weren’t going to take any chances okay they weren’t going to take any chances here at all and so they did the same but then Aaron Burr was like

7:32 you know what I’m just gonna I’m just gonna sit this one out we’re gonna see what happens we’re gonna let this go to the house like the Constitution said now what happens here is that then a lot of Federalists what they wanted to do here is a lot of Federalists voted for air and Burk okay so what happened is that people who were supporting the Federalist Party they were voting for Aaron Burr now Hamilton Alexander Hamilton actually gets into a letter-writing campaign write some of his Federalist friends about this because he says look y’all are y’all are really going the wrong route here on Hamilton wasn’t the biggest fan of Jefferson he didn’t love Jefferson but he really hated burr okay so Hamilton said look I’ve worked with Jefferson before Jefferson you know is not quite the ideologue that people think he is Jefferson is actually kind of pragmatic which is we can definitely see that during his presidency there are some times where Jefferson makes decisions that are not necessarily the decision he would make on principle and so Hamilton says that Jefferson Jefferson can be reasoned with a little bit on those of you who think that burr would be in a better in a better situation not not so much in fact I was you know I was talking with somebody the other day about impeachment and actually you know somebody that was there was a Democrat who said that well what if the

9:02 impeachment of Donald Trump had gone through then Mike Pence would be the president Mike Pence somebody who has got very bonafide conservative credentials where Donald Trump tends to you know sometimes be here sometimes be there and so this is the sort of thing that you know Alexander Hamilton tells his friends burrs gonna be a lot harder to work with than Jefferson and so going from there he ends up swinging it to Jefferson convincing enough of his Federalist colleagues that Aaron Burr is dangerous now if you were ever wondering about the context of the burr Hamilton duel there you go that Hamilton eventually became aware of what Aaron Burr was doing and so Jefferson wins that 1800 election and let’s I’d just make a little note here okay so we will begin to we will get to the war of 1812 now what we want to note here is let’s uh let’s go into our Google document that has been shared and I’m going to go in here make a few notes now remember you are more than welcome to keep this these google documents you are more than welcome to print them to refer to them remember my recommendation is that any notes that you’re going to have on hand during the exam really should be printed I don’t know if I would have you know online notes that I was looking at so with that let’s go ahead and take a look at I’ve got a few things here now one thing to note I would say that Angela

10:33 that gender roles during the early 19th like during 1800 1824 we’re not really going to see a change in that on the AP exam okay so what you’re going to see you like first of all when you look at a gender in US history you’re gonna see Republican motherhood during the American Revolution and then you’re really not going to see a lot on that front until the antebellum period where first of all you’ve got the other girls working in Lowell Massachusetts okay so the girls working in Lowell Massachusetts you know they are working in the factories now also middle-class women on that we’re going to see with middle-class women that they are then getting into the suffrage movement and it’s not really gonna be until about the time of reconstruction that we start to see like protections of property for married women that married women when they get married get to maintain control of their own property whereas you know when a woman got married the you know in the early national period her property would go to her husband except for her land I should’ve you know that her husband would need permission to sell her land that would be you know so so there are some things here but I don’t think that you know we’re see we see a lot of frumpy you know a lot on the gender front during this 1800 1824 period but definitely be able to look out during the antebellum period and remember the development of Republican

12:05 motherhood during the you know in the wake of the American Revolution so let’s think about this you know we want to think about a revolution of 1800 okay that’s a question that’s often asked you know it’s like to what extent Jefferson called the 1800 election a revolution okay so let’s think in terms of change okay so when we think about change and ah nobody okay so let’s think about changes and continuities as a result of Jefferson’s election okay so first of all we would say that one of the one of the things that change with Jefferson Jefferson said something about a wise and frugal government okay so a wise and frugal government now when we look at some things here is that Jefferson and I’m going to give you some specific examples okay so Jefferson noted a wise and frugal government what does he mean by that okay so when we look here Jefferson cut on the federal budget especially the military budget okay so the military budget you know and pay you know and paid you know and made progress in paying down the national debt okay

13:38 now this is very important here because when Jefferson and Hamilton were debating one of the biggest things about Jefferson and Hamilton on is that Hamilton said a national debt is a national blessing okay that a national debt is something that it’s okay you just maintain it okay so you maintain that debt and then go you know you maintain it and just kind of pay on it as long as you’re making the minimum payments you’re good and some of y’all you know you’ll manage that all of you will manage debt at a certain point when you’re an adult and the thing is as long as you’re able to make your minimum payments and it’s not hurting you it’s not necessarily something that’s going to break you to have debt but at the same time at the same time when we’re thinking about you know we’re thinking about if you can’t make your minimum payments that can become a problem when things change Jefferson saw debt is something that was a constant menace okay he didn’t see a national debt is like you know what let’s make the minimum payment that’s kind of maintain it we’re good Jefferson wanted to pay it down and he made a lot of progress in paying it down we also want to note so while Jefferson cut the budget on also you know also discontinued the collection of Hamilton’s excise tax on whiskey okay so Hamilton’s excites tax on whiskey is done you know Jefferson boasted in his second inaugural address

15:11 that he had eliminated internal taxes okay so he had eliminated internal taxes on he asked what farmer what labor what mechanic ever sees a tax gatherer of the United States okay and Jeffery I mean that’s just that just sounds so beautiful to me right I’m so Jefferson you know Jefferson’s second inaugural address okay yeah so let me know I just love the direct quote here I’m so ever sees let’s see okay so where is that yeah ever okay yeah see I got I’ve got it okay so it may be the pleasure and pride of an American to ask what farmer what McCann what labor yeah what mechanic what labor ever sees a tax gatherer of the United States okay and so Jefferson now if you think about this something that we can put in the context is that the Jefferson is asking here you know in terms of let’s go back to the Stamp Act remember the Stamp Act you know round people up because it was an internal tax and when we think about the Whiskey Rebellion during the 1790s this was a tax rebellion against an internal tax okay so when you think about this that Jefferson is you know

16:42 this is something let’s say something through just to AAA the second inaugural address yeah second inaugural address and so with that we want to make a note of this now of course then we see that the Louisiana Purchase okay so the Louisiana Purchase okay so untested Jefferson’s constitutional okay so as far as that goes what we want to know here about the Louisiana Purchase that it tested Jefferson’s strict constructionists resolved now first of all to really understand this because frankly I see this as kind of minor that when we’re thinking about Jefferson’s strict construction it’s really one of these things that Jefferson is so strict constructionist almost to a fault okay that Jefferson says if it’s not specifically enumerated in the Constitution the government shouldn’t have that power so Jefferson’s personal viewpoint of the Louisiana Purchase is that it’s a land purchase and the Constitution does not

18:12 you know does not authorize the federal government to purchase land so what Jefferson wanted he said we need to amend the Constitution make sure the government has this power Jefferson and Madison when you look at man at Madison’s bonus to build good when you look at Madison’s bonus bill veto you can see that Madison also feels this way that every time the government wants to pursue a novel power that it needs the consent of the people and the states okay so it needs the consent of the people in the States in order to get permission to do that so Jefferson wanted to get permission from the American people to do it in the form of a constitutional amendment and so then Jefferson is colleagues are like look we’re not going to get a constitutional amendment new New England the Northeast is not going to go along with it because what’s happening with the Louisiana Purchase is that you know New York and New England they’re going to lose like you know the Northeast is going to whose political clout and it’s going to guarantee you know this agrarianism that is really more like the south and the west and the south and the west are largely going to be in an alliance together throughout most of the antebellum period I’m you know most of the early 19th century before the Civil War and so Jefferson yields to his party and says ok on we will let the people consent to the Louisiana Purchase

19:43 through their representative and calm representatives in Congress now here we go that I want to note here that as an interpretive element here if you’re thinking about you want to defend Jefferson it’s pretty easy to do ok because when you think about this the jump that you have to take to say that the National Bank is constitutional because well there are financial powers in the Constitution there you got it in the Constitution it says crack quite clearly there’s a treaty making power and so it’s not a very big job to say ok it’s a treaty between France and the United States and we’re purchasing land as part of a tree basically though the whole treaty is it’s purchasing land so Jefferson was a little bit uneasy but really he was in some ways a victim his own inflexibility but then again Jefferson did show himself to be someone who could be flexible and so when we look at this we see a wise and frugal government now one thing we want to know we want to note a few continuities okay so first of all when we consider that let’s say no it’s not gonna look like I know I don’t think I could we’re not in word so I can’t I can’t Merton like cut this or anything like that so actually you know what I can do okay so I can and then I can put these two together alright so that I can do alright so with that let’s kind of think about this so first of all we want to think in terms of foreign policy okay so in terms of

21:14 foreign policy jefferson maintained you know or tried to maintain you know tried his best to maintain I would say tried his best to maintain Washington’s neutrality policy okay so policy which he had opposed as Secretary of State so the president gives you the presidency gives someone a different vantage point okay so when we’re looking at Jefferson’s first inaugural address not the second one let’s see if we can just run in here and just put a 1 here and it worked ok so peace ok and this is actually something that we see in Jefferson’s first inaugural address that people actually tend to think that Washington said they tend to give Washington when Jefferson said peace Commerce and honest friendship with all nations entangling alliances with none okay so entangling alliances with none this is from Jefferson’s first inaugural address so Jefferson’s first inaugural address so if we’re thinking about continuities with Jefferson in the so called revolution of 1800 it was not a revolution in terms of foreign policy we want to understand that the embargo okay

22:45 so this curse that Oh grab me okay so this curse said Oh grab me okay otherwise so this curse that Oh grab me as it says in that cartoon would snapping turtle on the embargo was an attempt to keep the United States out of the Napoleonic Wars okay so Jefferson understand that the embargo has its roots in the neutrality policy of George Washington that Jefferson is trying to hold on to and so with that we also want to know in terms of the Marshall Court okay so when we think about the Marshall Court okay so the Marshall court led by John Marshall a federalist you know under basically you know threatened Jefferson’s of you know denied Jefferson control you the jetter I would say here the Jeffersonians control over the judiciary okay so when we think about that on that the federal deficit ian’s control of the judiciary now remember here that Marberry be Madison okay so Marbury B Madison you know we see here with this decision okay so in Marbury V Madison the Supreme Court ruled that it had the authority to

24:20 interpret the Constitution and strike down down federal laws okay you know Jefferson believed this power belonged to the states okay so belonged to the states all right so basically the thing is we know that John Marshall was somebody who was you know who was a fan of a strong central government okay so we’re gonna note here that McCulloch Verdie McCulloch versus Maryland okay now Margaery B Madison McCulloch versus Maryland are two of your 15 cases for AP US government and politics okay so I’ve you know some of the McCulloch versus Maryland decision upheld the constitutionality of the National Bank okay and of course that is the doctrine of implied powers so when we’re thinking about this we want to think about in terms of continuity and change that the Jeffersonians you know Jefferson’s election you know results in continuity in some ways change in others okay so you know everything the note here just as a nuance on is that the Jeffersonians did not try to destroy the National Bank unit efforts and didn’t

25:50 make a war on the bank i’m he’d they did allow it to expire in 1811 Madison’s presidency of course it was brought back after the after the war of 1812 okay so we would note here that that we would say here that you know the Jeffersonian Oso the Jeffersonian did not make a Jackson style war against the back ok so against the Bank of the United States but allowed the Charter the Charter to expire in 1811 okay so basically the Charter expired in 1811 it’s going to come back after the war of 1812 so we want to know those ways like if we’re looking at this we want to understand those interpretive elements so remember in terms of change we see that you know that the Louisiana Purchase is of course adding land and also changes the way that the Jeffersonians are looking at the Constitution you know that the Constitution is something now that they’re in power they can stretch out just a little bit okay the audio is okay so the audio is working and as far as that goes you know what I’m going to I’m going to I think while I’m screencasting I’ll go ahead and maybe I’m shut off my video and again sorry about the situation here let me try shutting off my video on and see if that helps okay

27:23 so you should still be able to hear me and so going from that now going into the embargo okay I’m so let’s just take a quick look at what’s going on with yeah and again sorry about the the internet connection that is that is something that we’re not really going to be able to do anything about but let’s see if this works I’m going to go ahead and share my screen and we’re gonna talk about the embargo and the war of 1812 okay so as far as that oh maybe they do they have cool symbols get a D that is a great that’s a great great question there okay so with that let’s take a look here and get into on the Jeffersonian Republic talk a little bit about the war of 1812 and hopefully we’ve decided if they’ve got cool symbols okay so it’s not okay so fixed it alright so as far as that goes let me go ahead and put the screen I’m gonna screen share and that should that should help with things and again I’ve you know that’s our apologies here I guess with this online you know any form of online teaching you got to work around this whenever we can and so going over this we want to note on that this is the period like we think about you know what I call the trials of the Jeffersonians on the embargo in the war of 1812 now you notice that Jefferson’s

28:54 first term went very very well okay Jefferson’s first term was a great success by any by any measurement and then we get here to on you know to the war of 1812 now we need to talk about the American system in the context of the war of 1812 okay so what we want to understand here is that before the war of 1812 you’ve got this Jeffersonian economic model where the United States economy is operating almost exclusively about the same as it did in the colonial period just with free trade okay so you’ve got free trade you know with with that okay so you see raw materials and finished goods now Jefferson had written before that you know we and his notes on the state of Virginia that why should we even have manufacturing in the United States on that should not you know that should not be something that we want to you know that we want to pursue manufacturing not so much and so that’s something that who only see things happening though in response to impressment that Jefferson says I mean after you’ve got British ships that are firing on American ships such as the Chesapeake LeFort affair that Jefferson wanted to maintain neutrality he wanted to avoid war and of course that goes into the embargo act so the trade embargo of 1807 where the embargo bans all trade and so

30:27 Jefferson’s just trying he means for this to be temporary there are all kinds of connections that we can make here on in terms of on the embargo and what’s going on right now you know that we see that all of these measures that we’re taking with the coronavirus on that these measures are said to be temporary we’re told that if we go along with them if we practice all of the things that the government’s telling us that we’re going to see some good results okay but with the Embargo Act a similar thing that you see that some people especially in New England they were not very happy with the embargo and they made nicknames for it and of course I wanted those my favorite here oh this curse that Oh grab me and we see here that somebody’s trying to smuggle out some us some super fine whatever that is and we see here that Oh grab me is embargo spelled backwards okay so understand that the embargo represents a massive failure in Jefferson’s presidency it’s typically seen as a failure now the embargo was technically constitutional but at the same time it’s something that really went against Jefferson’s principles okay so this is the thing that you know there was a crisis and Jefferson decided to use economic coercion in order to deal with this crisis Jefferson was typically a fan of freedom but he chose something

31:59 that made people less free and his Treasury secretary advised him Jefferson was considering the embargo Albert Gallatin is Treasury secretary said governmental prohibitions do always more mischief than had been calculated and it is not without much hesitation that a statesman should hazard to regulate the concerns of individuals as if he could do it better than themselves I’ll just let that quote sit there for a little while and we can all contemplate it a little bit casually sips tea all right so as far as that goes one you want a note here now let’s not get in a hurry this isn’t the goal page okay but an unintended consequence and I always like this this thing to be able to do its little animation that I decide not animated there okay so as far as that goes an unintended consequence of the embargo is that the North East began investing more heavily in textile manufacturing and that is if we’re thinking about about gender roles as somebody asked this is laying for the foundation for the girls working in the mills at Lowell Massachusetts that this is an unintended consequence of Jefferson’s embargo in the war of 1812 now note that Madison takes over okay so James Madison takes over as the fourth president United States and this is something that the situation has not changed and we see here though the

33:29 composition of the House of Representatives has changed now we’ve got here young Henry Clay and young John C Calhoun who are in the 12th Congress and both of them are advocating for war these are the war hawks that are coming up on the war of 1812 now the Battle of Tippecanoe could be great context for the war of 1812 looking into what are the causes here so we’ve been over most people are familiar with the impressment but one thing that we want to note here is that after the Battle of Tippecanoe when you know the Fallen natives were disarmed these were they were using rifles that were made in or muskets or whatever these were they were using guns that had been made in Canada yeah I don’t want to speculate that they were rifle bored or not in case anybody would be able to prove me wrong so with that these guns were made in Canada and the United you know a lot of Americans believe that the British are you know intentionally inciting and arming Indians on the western frontier that this is happening on purpose so we see here the impressment of sailors the cutting off of trade and also the inciting of Indians on the western frontier now in 1812 you see that there is a coalition forming here that Federalists decide that they are going to support another candidate basically a disaffected Republican DeWitt Clinton so we see that

35:01 things are kind of fall starting now Madison still gets a pretty handy electoral victory note Vermont is voting differently because Vermont’s not a state that you know relies on your trade quite as much right and so we can see here that the war of 1812 doesn’t go so well Washington has burned down Dolly Madison Thank You Dolly Madison for saving the iconic portrait of George Washington on during the war of 1812 now what we want to understand about the war of 1812 is the way that it ended okay so the treaty of ghent the Hartford Convention and the Battle of New Orleans these things are going on very very close together and so the Treaty of Ghent the Hartford Convention and the Battle of New Orleans now the Hartford Convention meets they don’t realize that the war is almost over okay the treaty you get is signed go December 24th 1814 this was before the transatlantic Telegraph so it’s going to be sometime a couple months before they know that this has happened and so meanwhile the Hartford Convention is meeting in Hartford Connecticut and they are getting together these delegates for New England states and they’re getting together to propose amendments to the Constitution kind of like an unofficial article five convention of states and so they get together here to propose amendments and so we see here New England Federalists they are there to amend the Constitution

36:33 and they want to change some things like two thirds of Congress to declare war frankly I don’t think that’s a bad idea two-thirds to admit new states not a bad idea no conscription now this is very interesting we see that the New England Federalists they’re the ones now who want to amend the Constitution in order to reduce the size and scope of the federal government on so the often the party out of power is what you know is what’s going to you know is the party that’s going to want to limit government and so one thing here that we’ll know is that where the Hartford Convention made a serious PR blunder is that they said that we’re going to recommend some amendments of the Constitution all right if they would have stopped they’re not so bad okay but what happened here is they decided that they weren’t only going to amend the Constitution you know proposed amendments but they were gonna say that if these amendments are not adopted okay then we’re going to we’re going to go another route here that if these amendments are not adopted then we are going to meet again in Boston six months from now and you know we will do whatever it says here this meeting in Boston will have such powers and instructions as the exigency of a crisis so momentous may require sounds like code for secession and certainly when

38:05 you look at this political cartoon what we see here we see the New Englanders who are looking like they are about to jump into the arms of the King of England and so going from there we see that the Battle of New Orleans also takes place now the war of 1812 by and large was a disaster for the United States I mean there’s really no other way to slice that that it was something of a disaster for the United States and going from there you know we see that you know the most memorable things that tend to happen we tend to remember the first and last part of something so the Battle of New Orleans which is the last battle of the of the war of 1812 it’s something that ends in a very decisive British defeat okay and so you see here just a completely lopsided victory here for Andrew Jackson okay so a completely lopsided victory America we see here that there is a rise of Nash okay so we want to look at that as a consequence here and then 1816 we see that you’re James Monroe is elected president by you know a very wide margin not margins margin okay margin now the Federalist Party as a result of the war of 1812 on because of its association with the Hartford Convention on the Federalist Party ceases to be nationally competitive but

39:36 remember as a result of the war of 1812 the idea of a purely agricultural economy was no longer viable okay but we want it we don’t want to get ahead of ourselves it’s not like the Gilded Age is gonna start right there so with that James Monroe’s election began an era of good feelings that gave the nation a short break from partisan politics you can see here in 1820 that there is the election of James Monroe to the presidency okay so with that that gets us through the war of 1812 now looking at the consequences of the war of 1812 so with that on yeah so the impact of the war of 1812 we see of course yeah so westward migration that’s another thing there without the British interference out there yeah so it is we can say that this made some contributions to the market revolution so going from that if we think about the war of 1812 okay so continuity and change after the war of 1812 okay so we would see here when we’re thinking about continuity and change we have first of all Henry Clay’s American system okay so Henry Clay’s American system I always say NIP okay because it is we’ve got one a National Bank internal improvements and a protective tariff okay so National Bank

41:06 internal improvements are protective tariffs now what we’ll note here is the second that the second bank of the United States was chartered in 1816 okay so 1816 right after the war of 1812 internal improvements now what we’re gonna note here is Madison vetoed cattle tunes bonus bill okay now the thing is what we want to understand about Calhoun we typically associate Calhoun as a southern section list and an ad but you know in a staunch advocate of states rights but Calhoun when he was younger was more of a nationalist okay we actually on that they have you know john c calhoun like one of the the three-volume biography of calhoun and then published in the 1950s said you know it was like john c calhoun nationalist john c calhoun nullifier and john c calhoun section lists those were the three parts of that three-volume biography by charles wilt see so madison vetoed Calhoun’s bonus bill on the grounds that it went beyond the powers of you know given to the federal government by the Constitution okay so and then we know heater that James Monroe and Andrew Jackson made similar

42:40 vetoes okay so similar vetoes but basically the strict constructionists believed that the only the only case where you can fund internal improvements is it something that’s truly going through the United States okay so we think about so for example on the National Road okay so National Road a push let’s see here I don’t know okay now that’s going to Quizlet but yeah the National Road so as far as that goes on the come on now come on okay so we see here that you do see the Cumberland Road which went all the way okay so this is something that went all the way from you know you see here Cumberland over here in Maryland went all the way to Illinois so we can see here that this road is going through one two three four five six seven states so this would meet the criteria for something that this is something that is truly interstate commerce okay so we look though at the Maysville Road okay so the Maysville Road detail okay so this is something as we’re looking forward we’re seeing that this is something that Andrew Jackson vetoed it he said that this is something that is going from this is basically on going from Lexington Kentucky to Maysville Kentucky and you know although

44:12 it’s something now this goes into Henry Clay’s idea that even though this is in one state this is something that you know is you know it could mean reclaim would said say that it’s something that helps the national economy that’s his American system he wanted to develop the West economically Jackson said this is in one state all right this is in one state so therefore it’s not national and the other thing is that Jackson like Jefferson wanted to pay down the national debt during Jackson’s time the national debt actually went down to zero and so that’s something that we see the internal improvements are something that are very contentious okay so we see here that you know that Madison said I think internal improvements are a good idea but they’re not in the Constitution so that’s where Madison is coming from still with some of his strict constructionism so even though Madison comes around on the bank because that was something that was necessary you know we got here so the tariff of 1816 okay was you know the tariff of 1816 was the first on tariff with rates that could be properly he thought you know so properly defined as protective okay I’m so be as protective being in excess of the requirement or federal revenue

45:47 okay so as far as that goes let’s make sure that we’re noting here that you know we’re thinking about the two types of tariffs okay so we think about this and then we’ll say here that the Nullification Crisis okay so the nullification crisis you know in response you know was a was a protest against the tariff of 1828 okay so 1828 I’m so tariff went down after that okay so tariffs tariffs went a you know went down substantially after that okay for you know for the next you know for and remain so low for most of the antebellum period so we want to know the tariffs were a contentious thing here alright so tariffs were you know a bit of a contentious project and so looking at this let’s just get that alright and so one thing I want to note here is we want to get into the difference between a revenue tariff and a protective tariff okay so a revenue tariff versus a protective tariff and so this is something that we want to that we want to make sure that we understand okay so this is collected with the sole purpose

47:18 of raising revenue okay so raising revenue for the federal government okay now protective tariffs collected did the intention of protecting American industry you know America merican man you know so protecting the devout you know protecting American manufacturing from foreign competition okay so we’ve got a revenue tariff and a protective tariffs those are depending on the mode of here now what we want to note here also is that the war of 1812 okay so we want to think about this that the war of 1812 we think about economic change and economic continuity okay so we think about economic change that the war of 1812 1812 began a diversification of the US economy and an increase in manufacturing in the Northeast and yes that’s where we’re getting into the market revolution you know as far as what we’re seeing there so what we know is the market revolution I’m so we see here an increase in manufacturing the Northeast but okay but the United States continued to have a print primarily so

48:53 that so the United States economy continued to be based primarily on agriculture and trade okay so based primarily on agriculture trade on for decades okay so for decades on you know until basically until the Civil War okay so we definitely have some tension between you know this this northern economy that’s getting into manufacturing and the southern economy that is really on becoming more profitable now remember that cotton you know during this time cotton became the nation’s largest you know so most profitable cash crop okay so partly due to Eli Whitney’s cotton gin okay so you know Eli Whitney’s cotton gin so with that let me let me see what I can do here and check my internet speed okay so let me do this I may be able to go out go and get back on camera alright so looks like they’re still not giving me near anywhere near what I’m paying for right now but looks like okay I think that we’ll probably be able to come back here so let’s let’s see what we’ve got in terms and things here all right so with that you know let’s go ahead and note here wasn’t Jefferson a big supporter of the French referring here on the on the on

50:27 the video now as the video interfering with the audio at all I think that would be one question I maybe a blurry but if people can hear me okay maybe it would be better between between that so yeah different shaking between the two tariffs yeah I think that the economic differences between the North and the South that’s something that’s important okay so people can hear just fine again you know having some internet speed issues but hopefully those will be resolved you know rare happens rarely but sometimes right when you’re broadcasting alright so with that you know we’re thinking in terms of Jefferson as Secretary of State was a supporter of the French Revolution but you know as far as his president on he’s at a different vantage point okay so he says look the neutrality policy seems to be working and Jefferson continues Washington’s foreign policy which sets the United States on an independent course regarding Europe now one thing that we might want to that we might want to note here is when we’re thinking about the Monroe Doctrine okay so that’s something to think about when you’re thinking about the Monroe Doctrine that this is a continuity in you know in Washington’s foreign policy are in Washington’s foreign policy because the Monroe Doctrine is really kind of another on sort of cornerstone here of the you know of the you know of American foreign policy so when we think about the Monroe Doctrine let’s go ahead and go back to go back to screen-sharing

51:59 here and I’ll cut the cut the blurry camera off and so when we look at the Monroe Doctrine we note that there are revolutions in Latin America at this time so around 1820 there are you know which Mexico declared its independence in 1821 around 1820 we’re seeing these revolutions America and so going from there Europe a lot of European nations there what they’re thinking in terms of we might want to go back in and get those colonies okay so we might want to go in and get those colonies back and so going from going from there we’ll want to you know what’s the United States going to do and so the Monroe Doctrine issued in the you know in 1823 I believe I’m not mistaken so the amande this is a great example of you know it doesn’t matter 1823 1820s remember nobody’s gonna be impressed with you getting the specific year when we have a obvio specific year when it’s open book open notes okay because anybody can look that up so with that the American continents are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers okay so with that we want to note here that you know the Monroe Doctrine becomes a you know part of American foreign policy that really putting some space between US and Europe where George HW Bush in 1988 said read my lips no new taxes and so what’s

53:30 happening here though is we’re seeing that Monroe is saying read my lips no new colonies and he’s serious okay he keeps it keeps the promise on that now the United States didn’t really have a way to enforce this at the time but this becomes a very big deal when we get into Teddy Roosevelt also becomes a big deal during the Cold War where the Monroe Doctrine you know the spirit of the Monroe Doctrine is invoked that we don’t want European you know European forms of government that inhibit freedom to come in and take over in the Americas so when you look at some of that but then again that’s not going to be on the exam this year so as far as that goes we want to know the legacy is US intervention ISM in Latin America basically the Monroe Doctrine expressing solidarity with the American continent but also for you know some u.s. foreign policy kind of marking Latin America as the US sphere of influence that we don’t want the we don’t want your intervening in these you know in these latin-american countries so that’s something they’re now the era of good feeling knowing the air of good feeling we have a break from political parties but understand that you know that we have a break from political parties but we don’t necessarily have a break from controversy okay so what we want to think about in terms of the air of good feeling is that you know you do have

55:03 some political controversies they’re just not partisan controversies so you still have political ideologies but not political partisanship and so in 1819 Missouri tried to come into the Union and that causes a big stir you want to make sure this is one of those things that really begins on the American you know as far as the road to the the Civil War and so we think about this that Missouri you know clay comes in and says how about we admit Missouri as a slave state we admit Maine as a free state and we prohibit slavery in the territories of the Louisiana Purchase north of the 36:30 parallel deal now note that the antebellum period kind of begins in 1820 and this is a time as I said that you’ve got no partisanship but you’ve still got some disagreements and so they come up with a deal and compromise Henry Clay helps to strike this compromise now during the antebellum period from 1820 to 1860 what you’ve got is you know that it gets more and more difficult to compromise that’s actually been the subject of a DBQ before one that I enjoy using in my classroom that you know compromise becomes that you know that you know more much more difficult okay so going from and going from there I think that that is going to be about the end of the of the day for us and so looks like we’re coming up on 7:00 7:30

56:34 and so with that let’s remember that we are going to take a break for the weekend for Friday and Saturday night we will not be broadcasting but I will be back on day and hopefully with faster internet so with that ladies and gentlemen thank y’all for joining us enjoy your Friday and Saturday and I will see you again on Sunday and we will be broadcasting at 6:30 p.m. Eastern all the way through the a push exam it is always a pleasure